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Relationship of wild and cultivated forms of Pisum L. as inferred from an analysis of three markers, of the plastid, mitochondrial and nuclear genomes

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Abstract

Eighty-nine accessions of wild and cultivated peas (12 Pisum fulvum Sibth. et Smith., 7 P. abyssinicum A. Br., 31 wild and 42 cultivated forms of P. sativum L.) were analysed for presence of the variants of three functionally unrelated polymorphic markers referring to different cellular genomes. The plastid gene rbcL either contains or not the recognition site for restriction endonuclease AspLEI (rbcL+ vs. rbcL−); the mitochondrial gene cox1 either contains or not the recognition site for restriction endonuclease PsiI (cox1+ vs. cox1−); the nuclear encoded seed albumin SCA is represented by slow (SCAS) or fast (SCAF) variant. Most of the accessions possessed either of two marker combinations: 24 had SCAF cox1+ rbcL+ (combination A) and 49 accessions had SCAS cox1− rbcL− (combination B), 16 accessions represented 5 of the rest 6 possible combinations. All accessions of P. fulvum and P. abyssinicum had combination A, the overwhelming majority of cultivated forms of P. sativum had combination B while wild representatives of P. sativum had both combinations A and B, as well as rare combinations. This pattern indicates that combination A is the ancestral state in the genus Pisum L., inherited by P. fulvum and P. abyssinicum, while combination B seems to have arisen in some lineage of wild P. sativum which rapidly fixed mutational transitions of the three markers studied, most probably via a bottleneck effect during the Pleistocene. Then this ‘lineage B’ spread over Mediterranean and also gave rise to cultivated forms of P. sativum. Rare combinations may have resulted from occasional crosses between ‘lineage A’ and ‘lineage B’ in nature or during cultivation, or represent intermediate evolutionary lineages. The latter explanation seems relevant for an Egyptian cultivated form ‘Pisum jomardii Schrank’ (SCAF cox1− rbcL−) which is here given a subspecies rank. Wild representatives of P. sativum could be subdivided in two subspecies corresponding to ‘lineage A’ and ‘lineage B’ but all available subspecies names seem to belong to lineage B only. Presently all wild forms would better be considered within a fuzzy paraphyletic subspecies P. sativum subsp. elatius (Bieb.) Schmalh. s. l.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Drs. R. Kh. Makasheva, K. A. Belekhova and O. I. Romanova (St. Petersburg, USSR), Drs. S. Blixt and B. Lund (Landskrona, Sweden), Dr. N. Weeden (Boseman, USA) and Dr. N. Polans (DeKalb, USA) for providing the germplasm investigated, to Drs. Mr. M. Ambrose (Norwich, UK), N. Weeden, W. Swiecicki (Poznan, Poland), C. Coyne (Pullman, USA) for information on the origin of accessions, to Dr. K. S. Baikov (Novosibirsk, Russia) for consultations on the rules of botanical nomenclature. The work was supported by the project ‘Biosphere origin and evolution’ of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and Russian Foundation for Fundamental Research, grant 07-04-00111-a.

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  1. Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Department of Russian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Lavrentyev ave. 10, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia

    Oleg E. Kosterin & Vera S. Bogdanova

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  1. Oleg E. Kosterin
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  2. Vera S. Bogdanova
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Correspondence to Oleg E. Kosterin.

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Kosterin, O.E., Bogdanova, V.S. Relationship of wild and cultivated forms of Pisum L. as inferred from an analysis of three markers, of the plastid, mitochondrial and nuclear genomes. Genet Resour Crop Evol 55, 735–755 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-007-9281-y

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