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The Outcome of Stem Cell-Based Therapies on the Immune Responses in Rheumatoid Arthritis

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Cell Biology and Translational Medicine, Volume 12

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((CBTMED,volume 1326))

Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis as a common autoimmune inflammatory disorder with unknown etiology can affect 0.5–1% of adults in developed countries. It involves more than just the patient’s joints and can be accompanied by several comorbidities and affect cardiovascular, pulmonary, and some other systems of the human body. Although cytokine-mediated pathways are mentioned to have a central role in RA pathogenesis, adaptive and innate immune systems and intracellular signaling pathways all have important roles in this process. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, glucocorticoids, conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, and biological agents are some mentioned medications used for RA. They are accompanied by some adverse effects and treatment failures which elucidates the needing for novel and more powerful therapeutic approaches. Stem cell-based therapies and their beneficial effects on therapeutic processes of different diseases have been founded so far. They can be an alternative and promising therapeutic approach for RA, too; due to their effects on immune responses of the disease. This review, besides some explanations about RA characteristics, addresses the outcome of the stem cell-based therapies including mesenchymal stem cell transplantation and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for RA and explains their effects on the disease improvement.

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Abbreviations

ACPA:

Anti–Citrullinated Protein Antibody

Ad-MSCs:

Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

ADSCs:

Adipose-Derived Stem Cells

AHSCT:

Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Allo-HSCT:

Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

AP-1:

Activator Protein 1

APTC:

Antiplatelet Trialists Collaboration

BAFF:

B-cell Activating Factor

BM:

Bone Marrow

BM-MSCs:

Bone Marrow-MSCs

CCR7:

CC-Chemokine Receptor type 7

CD40L:

CD40 Ligand

CFA:

Complete Freund’s Adjuvant

CIA:

Collagen-Induced Arthritis

COX:

Cyclooxygenase

CXCR5:

Chemokine C-X-C Motif Receptor5

CYC:

Cyclophosphamide

DAS28:

Disease Activity Score 28

DMARDs:

Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs

ESR:

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate

FLSs:

Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes

Foxp3:

Forkhead box protein P3

G-CSF:

Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor

GI:

Gastrointestinal

GM-CSF:

Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor

GvHD:

Graft-versus-Host Disease

hAdMSCs:

human Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

haplo-SCT:

haplo-identical SCT

HDC:

High-Dose Chemotherapy

HLA:

Human Leukocyte Antigen

HSCs:

Hematopoietic Stem Cells

HSCT:

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

hUCMSCs:

Human UC-MSCs

ICOS:

Inducible Costimulatory Molecule

IFN:

Interferon

IgG:

Immunoglobulin G

IL:

Interleukin

ILD:

Interstitial Lung Disease

iNOS:

inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase

JAK:

Janus Kinase

JIA:

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

M-CSF:

Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor

MHC:

Major Histocompatibility Complex

MMPs:

Matrix Metalloproteinases

MPCs:

Mesenchymal Precursor Cells

MS:

Multiple Sclerosis

MSCs:

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

MSCT:

MSC Transplantation

MTX:

Methotrexate

NF-Κb:

Nuclear Factor Kappa B

NK:

Natural Killer

NLRs:

NOD-Like Receptors

NOD:

Non-Obese Diabetic

NOD:

Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain

NSAIDs:

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs

PBSCs:

peripheral blood stem cells

PBSCT:

Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation

PD-1:

Programmed Cell Death Protein 1

PGE2:

Prostaglandin E2

PI 3-kinase:

Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase

PPI:

Proton Pump Inhibitor

PTCL:

Peripheral T Cell Lymphoma

RA:

Rheumatoid Arthritis

RANKL:

Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor κB Ligand

RF:

Rheumatoid Factor

rhTNFR:Fc:

recombinant human TNF Receptor:Fc Fusion Protein

RORγt:

RAR-related Orphan Receptor Gamma

SCT:

Stem Cell Transplantation

SDF-1:

Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1

SLE:

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

SS:

Sjögren’s Syndrome

T1D:

Type 1 Diabetes

Tfh:

T Follicular helper

TGFβ:

Transforming Growth Factor β

Th:

T helper

TLRs:

Toll-Like Receptors

TNF:

Tumor Necrosis Factor

Treg:

T regulatory cells

UCB:

Umbilical Cord Blood

UC-MSCs:

Umbilical Cord MSCs

VAS:

Visual Analog Scale

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Funding: There is no financial support for this work.

Conflicts of interest/Competing interests: There is no Conflicts of/Competing interest.

Availability of data and material: Not Applicable.

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Authors’ contributions: Peyvand Parhizkar Roudsari wrote the first draft. Parisa Goodarzi , Akram Tayanloo-Beik, and Forough Azam Sayahpour helped to study and gather information, Mostafa Rezaei-Tavirani and Sepideh Alavi-Moghadam extensively edited the manuscript. Bagher Larijani participated in a critical review. Babak Arjmand helped supervise the project and gave final approval of the version to be published.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Peyvand Parhizkar Roudsari, Akram Tayanloo-Beik & Babak Arjmand

  2. Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Sepideh Alavi-Moghadam & Babak Arjmand

  3. Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Mostafa Rezaei-Tavirani

  4. Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Parisa Goodarzi

  5. Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran

    Forough Azam Sayahpour

  6. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Bagher Larijani

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    Kursad Turksen

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Roudsari, P.P. et al. (2020). The Outcome of Stem Cell-Based Therapies on the Immune Responses in Rheumatoid Arthritis. In: Turksen, K. (eds) Cell Biology and Translational Medicine, Volume 12. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology(), vol 1326. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2020_581

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