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Inhibiting the growth of Cu3Sn and Kirkendall voids in the Cu/Sn-Ag-Cu system by minor Pd alloying

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Abstract

In this study, the metallurgical reaction between Cu substrates (electrolytic type) and a Sn3Ag0.5Cu-xPd alloy at 180°C was examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA), focused ion beam (FIB) microscope, and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results showed that the growth of Cu3Sn in the Cu/Sn-Ag-Cu solder joints was substantially suppressed by doping with a minor quantity of Pd (0.1–0.7 wt. %) in the solder alloy. The sluggish growth of Cu3Sn reduced the formation of Kirkendall voids at the Cu/Cu3Sn interface and significantly improved the mechanical reliability of the joint interface. It was argued that a minor addition of Pd into the solder stabilized the Cu6Sn5 phase and enlarged the interdiffusion coefficient of Cu6Sn5 but diminished that of the neighboring phase (Cu3Sn), thereby decreasing the Kirkendall effect in the Cu/Sn-Ag-Cu reactive system.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Chungli City, Taiwan, R.O.C.

    Cheng En Ho, Tsai Tung Kuo, Chun Chien Wang & Wei Hsiang Wu

  2. Taiwan Uyemura Limited Company, Taoyuan County, Taiwan, R.O.C.

    Tsai Tung Kuo

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  1. Cheng En Ho
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  2. Tsai Tung Kuo
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  3. Chun Chien Wang
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  4. Wei Hsiang Wu
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Correspondence to Cheng En Ho.

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Ho, C.E., Kuo, T.T., Wang, C.C. et al. Inhibiting the growth of Cu3Sn and Kirkendall voids in the Cu/Sn-Ag-Cu system by minor Pd alloying. Electron. Mater. Lett. 8, 495–501 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13391-012-2049-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13391-012-2049-3

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