Skip to main content
Log in

An efficient and computational effective method for second order problems

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Mathematical Chemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

An efficient and computational effective algorithm is introduced, for the first time in the literature, in the present paper. The main properties of the scheme are: (1) the algorithm is a two-step scheme, (2) the algorithm is symmetric one, (3) it is a hight algebraic order scheme (i.e of eight algebraic order), (4) it is a three-stages algorithm, (5) the first layer of the new method is based on an approximation to the point \(x_{n-1}\), (6) the scheme has vanished phase-lag and its first, second and third derivatives, (7) the new proposed algorithm has an interval of periodicity equal to \(\left( 0, 9.8 \right) \). For the present new scheme we study: (1) its construction, (2) its error analysis (3) its stability analysis. Finally, the investigation of the effectiveness of the new algorithm leads to its application to systems of differential equations arising from the Schrödinger equation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Z.A. Anastassi, T.E. Simos, A parametric symmetric linear four-step method for the efficient integration of the Schrödinger equation and related oscillatory problems. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 236, 3880–3889 (2012)

  2. A.D. Raptis, T.E. Simos, A four-step phase-fitted method for the numerical integration of second order initial-value problem. BIT 31, 160–168 (1991)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. D.G. Quinlan, S. Tremaine, Symmetric multistep methods for the numerical integration of planetary orbits. Astron. J. 100(5), 1694–1700 (1990)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. J.M. Franco, M. Palacios, J. Comput. Appl. Math. 30, 1 (1990)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. J.D. Lambert, Numerical Methods for Ordinary Differential Systems, the Initial Value Problem (Wiley, New York, 1991), pp. 104–107

  6. E. Stiefel, D.G. Bettis, Stabilization of Cowell’s method. Numer. Math. 13, 154–175 (1969)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. G.A. Panopoulos, Z.A. Anastassi, T.E. Simos, Two new optimized eight-step symmetric methods for the efficient solution of the schrödinger equation and related problems. Match Commun. Math. Comput. Chem. 60(3), 773–785 (2008)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. G.A. Panopoulos, Z.A. Anastassi, T.E. Simos, Two optimized symmetric eight-step implicit methods for initial-value problems with oscillating solutions. J. Math. Chem. 46(2), 604–620 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. http://www.burtleburtle.net/bob/math/multistep.html

  10. T.E. Simos, P.S. Williams, Bessel and Neumann fitted methods for the numerical solution of the radial Schrödinger equation. Comput. Chem. 21, 175–179 (1977)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. T.E. Simos, Jesus Vigo-Aguiar, A dissipative exponentially-fitted method for the numerical solution of the Schrödinger equation and related problems. Comput. Phys. Commun. 152, 274–294 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. T.E. Simos, G. Psihoyios, J. Comput. Appl. Math. 175(1), IX–IX (2005)

  13. T. Lyche, Chebyshevian multistep methods for ordinary differential eqations. Numer. Math. 19, 65–75 (1972)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. T.E. Simos, P.S. Williams, A finite difference method for the numerical solution of the Schrödinger equation. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 79, 189–205 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. R.M. Thomas, Phase properties of high order almost P-stable formulae. BIT 24, 225–238 (1984)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. J.D. Lambert, I.A. Watson, Symmetric multistep methods for periodic initial values problems. J. Inst. Math. Appl. 18, 189–202 (1976)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. A. Konguetsof, T.E. Simos, A generator of hybrid symmetric four-step methods for the numerical solution of the Schrödinger equation. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 158(1), 93–106 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Z. Kalogiratou, T. Monovasilis, T.E. Simos, Symplectic integrators for the numerical solution of the Schrödinger equation. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 158(1), 83–92 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Z. Kalogiratou, T.E. Simos, Newton–Cotes formulae for long-time integration. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 158(1), 75–82 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. G. Psihoyios, T.E. Simos, Trigonometrically fitted predictor–corrector methods for IVPs with oscillating solutions. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 158(1), 135–144 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. T.E. Simos, I.T. Famelis, C. Tsitouras, Zero dissipative, explicit Numerov-type methods for second order IVPs with oscillating solutions. Numer. Algorithms 34(1), 27–40 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. T.E. Simos, Dissipative trigonometrically-fitted methods for linear second-order IVPs with oscillating solution. Appl. Math. Lett. 17(5), 601–607 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. K. Tselios, T.E. Simos, Runge–Kutta methods with minimal dispersion and dissipation for problems arising from computational acoustics. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 175(1), 173–181 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. D.P. Sakas, T.E. Simos, Multiderivative methods of eighth algrebraic order with minimal phase-lag for the numerical solution of the radial Schrödinger equation. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 175(1), 161–172 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. G. Psihoyios, T.E. Simos, A fourth algebraic order trigonometrically fitted predictor–corrector scheme for IVPs with oscillating solutions. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 175(1), 137–147 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Z.A. Anastassi, T.E. Simos, An optimized Runge–Kutta method for the solution of orbital problems. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 175(1), 1–9 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. T.E. Simos, Closed Newton–Cotes trigonometrically-fitted formulae of high order for long-time integration of orbital problems. Appl. Math. Lett. 22(10), 1616–1621 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. S. Stavroyiannis, T.E. Simos, Optimization as a function of the phase-lag order of nonlinear explicit two-step P-stable method for linear periodic IVPs. Appl. Numer. Math. 59(10), 2467–2474 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. T.E. Simos, Exponentially and trigonometrically fitted methods for the solution of the Schrödinger equation. Acta Appl. Math. 110(3), 1331–1352 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. T.E. Simos, New stable closed Newton–Cotes trigonometrically fitted formulae for long-time integration. Abstract Appl. Anal. 2012, Article ID 182536 (2012). doi:10.1155/2012/182536

  31. T.E. Simos, Optimizing a hybrid two-step method for the numerical solution of the Schrödinger equation and related problems with respect to phase-lag. J. Appl. Math. 2012, Article ID 420387 (2012). doi:10.1155/2012/420387

  32. Ibraheem Alolyan, T.E. Simos, A high algebraic order multistage explicit four-step method with vanished phase-lag and its first, second, third, fourth and fifth derivatives for the numerical solution of the Schrödinger equation. J. Math. Chem. 53(8), 1915–1942 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Ibraheem Alolyan, T.E. Simos, Efficient low computational cost hybrid explicit four-step method with vanished phase-lag and its first, second, third and fourth derivatives for the numerical integration of the Schrödinger equation. J. Math. Chem. 53(8), 1808–1834 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Ibraheem Alolyan, A high algebraic order predictor–corrector explicit method with vanished phase-lag and its first, second, third and fourth derivatives for the numerical solution of the Schrödinger equation and related problems. J. Math. Chem. 53(7), 1495–1522 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Ibraheem Alolyan, T.E. Simos, A family of explicit linear six-step methods with vanished phase-lag and its first derivative. J. Math. Chem. 52(8), 2087–2118 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. T.E. Simos, An explicit four-step method with vanished phase-lag and its first and second derivatives. J. Math. Chem. 52(3), 833–855 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Ibraheem Alolyan, T.E. Simos, A Runge–Kutta type four-step method with vanished phase-lag and its first and second derivatives for each level for the numerical integration of the Schrödinger equation. J. Math. Chem. 52(3), 917–947 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Ibraheem Alolyan, T.E. Simos, A predictor–corrector explicit four-step method with vanished phase-lag and its first, second and third derivatives for the numerical integration of the Schrödinger equation. J. Math. Chem. 53(2), 685–717 (2015)

  39. Ibraheem Alolyan, T.E. Simos, A hybrid type four-step method with vanished phase-lag and its first, second and third derivatives for each level for the numerical integration of the Schrödinger equation. J. Math. Chem. 52(9), 2334–2379 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. G.A. Panopoulos, T.E. Simos, A new optimized symmetric 8-step semi-embedded predictor–corrector method for the numerical solution of the radial Schrödinger equation and related orbital problems. J. Math. Chem. 51(7), 1914–1937 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. T.E. Simos, New high order multiderivative explicit four-step methods with vanished phase-lag and its derivatives for the approximate solution of the Schrödinger equation. Part I: construction and theoretical analysis. J. Math. Chem. 51(1), 194–226 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. T.E. Simos, High order closed Newton–Cotes exponentially and trigonometrically fitted formulae as multilayer symplectic integrators and their application to the radial Schrödinger equation. J. Math. Chem. 50(5), 1224–1261 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Dimitris F. Papadopoulos, T.E. Simos, A modified Runge–Kutta–Nyström method by using phase lag properties for the numerical solution of orbital problems. Appl. Math. Inf. Sci. 7(2), 433–437 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Th. Monovasilis, Z. Kalogiratou, T.E. Simos, Exponentially fitted symplectic Runge–Kutta–Nyström methods. Appl. Math. Inf. Sci. 7(1), 81–85 (2013)

  45. G.A. Panopoulos, T.E. Simos, An optimized symmetric 8-step semi-embedded predictor–corrector method for IVPs with oscillating solutions. Appl. Math. Inf. Sci. 7(1), 73–80 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. D.F. Papadopoulos, T.E Simos, The use of phase lag and amplification error derivatives for the construction of a modified Runge–Kutta–Nyström method. Abstr. Appl. Anal. Article Number: 910624 Published: (2013)

  47. I. Alolyan, Z.A. Anastassi, Z.A., T.E. Simos, A new family of symmetric linear four-step methods for the efficient integration of the Schrödinger equation and related oscillatory problems. Appl. Math. Comput. 218(9), 5370–5382 (2012)

  48. Ibraheem Alolyan, T.E. Simos, A family of high-order multistep methods with vanished phase-lag and its derivatives for the numerical solution of the Schrödinger equation. Comput. Math. Appl. 62(10), 3756–3774 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Ch. Tsitouras, I. Th. Famelis, T.E. Simos, On modified Runge–Kutta trees and methods. Comput. Math. Appl. 62(4), 2101–2111 (2011)

  50. Ch. Tsitouras, I.Th. Famelis, T.E. Simos, Phase-fitted Runge–Kutta pairs of orders 8(7). J. Comput. Appl. Math. 321 226–231 (2017)

  51. A.A. Kosti, Z.A. Anastassi, T.E. Simos, Construction of an optimized explicit Runge–Kutta–Nyström method for the numerical solution of oscillatory initial value problems. Comput. Math. Appl. 61(11), 3381–3390 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Z. Kalogiratou, Th Monovasilis, T.E. Simos, New modified Runge–Kutta–Nystrom methods for the numerical integration of the Schrödinger equation. Comput. Math. Appl. 60(6), 1639–1647 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Th Monovasilis, Z. Kalogiratou, T.E. Simos, A family of trigonometrically fitted partitioned Runge–Kutta symplectic methods. Appl. Math. Comput. 209(1), 91–96 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  54. T. Monovasilis, Z. Kalogiratou, T.E. Simos, Construction of exponentially fitted symplectic Runge–Kutta–Nyström methods from partitioned Runge–Kutta methods. Mediterr. J. Math. 13(4), 2271–2285 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. T.E. Simos, Multistage symmetric two-step P-stable method with vanished phase-lag and its first, second and third derivatives. Appl. Comput. Math. 14(3), 296–315 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  56. Z. Kalogiratou, Th. Monovasilis, Higinio Ramos, T.E. Simos, A new approach on the construction of trigonometrically fitted two step hybrid methods. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 303, 146–155 (2016)

  57. Higinio Ramos, Z. Kalogiratou, Th Monovasilis, T.E. Simos, An optimized two-step hybrid block method for solving general second order initial-value problems. Numer. Algorithms 72, 1089–1102 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. T.E. Simos, High order closed Newton–Cotes trigonometrically-fitted formulae for the numerical solution of the Schrödinger equation. Appl. Math. Comput. 209(1), 137–151 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  59. A. Konguetsof, T.E. Simos, An exponentially-fitted and trigonometrically-fitted method for the numerical solution of periodic initial-value problems, Comput. Math. Appl. 45(1–3), 547–554 Article Number: PII S0898-1221(02), 00354-1 (2003)

  60. T.E. Simos, A new explicit hybrid four-step method with vanished phase-lag and its derivatives. J. Math. Chem. 52(7), 1690–1716 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. T.E. Simos, On the explicit four-step methods with vanished phase-lag and its first derivative. Appl. Math. Inf. Sci. 8(2), 447–458 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. G.A. Panopoulos, T.E. Simos, A new optimized symmetric embedded predictor–corrector method (EPCM) for initial-value problems with oscillatory solutions. Appl. Math. Inf. Sci. 8(2), 703–713 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. G.A. Panopoulos, T.E. Simos, An eight-step semi-embedded predictor–corrector method for orbital problems and related IVPs with oscillatory solutions for which the frequency is unknown. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 290, 1–15 (2015)

  64. Fei Hui, T.E. Simos, A new family of two stage symmetric two-step methods with vanished phase-lag and its derivatives for the numerical integration of the Schrödinger equation. J. Math. Chem. 53(10), 2191–2213 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. LGr Ixaru, M. Rizea, Comparison of some four-step methods for the numerical solution of the Schrödinger equation. Comput. Phys. Commun. 38(3), 329–337 (1985)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. L.Gr. Ixaru, M. Micu, Topics in Theoretical Physics (Central Institute of Physics, Bucharest, 1978)

  67. L.Gr Ixaru, M. Rizea, A Numerov-like scheme for the numerical solution of the Schrödinger equation in the deep continuum spectrum of energies. Comput. Phys. Commun. 19, 23–27 (1980)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. J.R. Dormand, M.E.A. El-Mikkawy, P.J. Prince, Families of Runge–Kutta–Nyström formulae. IMA J. Numer. Anal. 7, 235–250 (1987)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. J.R. Dormand, P.J. Prince, A family of embedded Runge–Kutta formulae. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 6, 19–26 (1980)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. G.D. Quinlan, S. Tremaine, Symmetric multistep methods for the numerical integration of planetary orbits. Astron. J. 100, 1694–1700 (1990)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. A.D. Raptis, A.C. Allison, Exponential-fitting methods for the numerical solution of the Schrödinger equation. Comput. Phys. Commun. 14, 1–5 (1978)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. M.M. Chawla, P.S. Rao, An Noumerov-typ method with minimal phase-lag for the integration of second order periodic initial-value problems II explicit method. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 15, 329–337 (1986)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. M.M. Chawla, P.S. Rao, An explicit sixth-order method with phase-lag of order eight for \(y^{\prime \prime }=f(t, y)\). J. Comput. Appl. Math. 17, 363–368 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  74. T.E. Simos, A new Numerov-type method for the numerical solution of the Schrödinger equation. J. Math. Chem. 46, 981–1007 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. A. Konguetsof, Two-step high order hybrid explicit method for the numerical solution of the Schrödinger equation. J. Math. Chem. 48, 224–252 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. A.D. Raptis, J.R. Cash, A variable step method for the numerical integration of the one-dimensional Schrödinger equation. Comput. Phys. Commun. 36, 113–119 (1985)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. A.C. Allison, The numerical solution of coupled differential equations arising from the Schrödinger equation. J. Comput. Phys. 6, 378–391 (1970)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  78. R.B. Bernstein, A. Dalgarno, H. Massey, I.C. Percival, Thermal scattering of atoms by homonuclear diatomic molecules. Proc. R. Soc. Ser. A. 274, 427–442 (1963)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. R.B. Bernstein, Quantum mechanical (phase shift) analysis of differential elastic scattering of molecular beams. J. Chem. Phys. 33, 795–804 (1960)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. T.E. Simos, Exponentially fitted Runge–Kutta methods for the numerical solution of the Schrödinger equation and related problems. Comput. Mater. Sci. 18, 315–332 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  81. Kenan Mu, T.E. Simos, A Runge–Kutta type implicit high algebraic order two-step method with vanished phase-lag and its first, second, third and fourth derivatives for the numerical solution of coupled differential equations arising from the Schrödinger equation. J. Math. Chem. 53, 1239–1256 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Minjian Liang, T.E. Simos, Minjian Liang, T.E. Simos, A new four stages symmetric two-step method with vanished phase-lag and its first derivative for the numerical integration of the Schrödinger equation. J. Math. Chem. 54(5), 1187–1211 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Xiaopeng Xi, T.E. Simos, A new high algebraic order four stages symmetric two-step method with vanished phase-lag and its first and second derivatives for the numerical solution of the Schrödinger equation and related problems. J. Math. Chem. 54(7), 1417–1439 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. F. Hui, T.E. Simos, Hybrid high algebraic order two-step method with vanished phase-lag and its first and second derivatives. MATCH Commun. Math. Comput. Chem. 73, 619–648 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  85. Zhou Zhou, T.E. Simos, A new two stage symmetric two-step method with vanished phase-lag and its first, second, third and fourth derivatives for the numerical solution of the radial Schrödinger equation. J. Math. Chem. 54, 442–465 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Fei Hui, Theodore E. Simos, Four stages symmetric two-step P-stable method with vanished phase-lag and its first, second, third and fourth derivatives. Appl. Comput. Math. 15(2), 220–238 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  87. Wei Zhang, T.E. Simos, A high-order two-step phase-fitted method for the numerical solution of the Schrödinger equation. Mediterr. J. Math. 13(6), 5177–5194 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  88. L. Zhang, T.E. Simos, An efficient numerical method for the solution of the Schrödinger equation. Adv. Math. Phys. 2016 Article ID 8181927. doi:10.1155/2016/8181927

  89. M. Dong, T.E. Simos, A new high algebraic order efficient finite difference method for the solution of the Schrödinger equation. Filomat (in press)

  90. R. Lin, T.E. Simos, A two-step method with vanished phase-lag and its derivatives for the numerical solution of the Schrödinger equation. Open Phys. 14, 628–642 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  91. H. Ning, T.E. Simos, A low computational cost eight algebraic order hybrid method with vanished phase-lag and its first, second, third and fourth derivatives for the approximate solution of the Schrödinger equation. J. Math. Chem. 53(6), 1295–1312 (2015)

  92. Zhiwei Wang, T.E. Simos, An economical eighth-order method for the approximation of the solution of the Schrödinger equation. J. Math. Chem. 55, 717–733 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. S. Kottwitz, LaTeX Cookbook (Packt Publishing Ltd., Birmingham, 2015), pp. 231–236

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to T. E. Simos.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Informed consent

Consent to submit has been received explicitly from all co-authors, as well as from the responsible authorities—tacitly or explicitly—at the institute/organization where the work has been carried out, before the work is submitted.

Additional information

Highly Cited Researcher (http://isihighlycited.com/), Active Member of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts. Active Member of the European Academy of Sciences. Corresponding Member of European Academy of Arts, Sciences and Humanities.

Authors whose names appear on the submission have contributed sufficiently to the scientific work and therefore share collective responsibility and accountability for the results.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary material 1 (pdf 34 KB)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ma, J., Simos, T.E. An efficient and computational effective method for second order problems. J Math Chem 55, 1649–1668 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10910-017-0753-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10910-017-0753-9

Keywords

Mathematics Subject Classification

Navigation