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Effects of dietary l-glutamine supplementation on specific and general defense responses in mice immunized with inactivated Pasteurella multocida vaccine

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Abstract

Little is known about effects of dietary glutamine supplementation on specific and general defense responses in a vaccine-immunized animal model. Thus, this study determined roles for dietary glutamine supplementation in specific and general defense responses in mice immunized with inactivated Pasteurella multocida vaccine. The measured variables included: (1) the production of pathogen-specific antibodies; (2) mRNA levels for pro-inflammatory cytokines, toll-like receptors and anti-oxidative factors; and (3) the distribution of P. multocida in tissues and the expression of its major virulence factors in vivo. Dietary supplementation with 0.5 % glutamine had a better protective role than 1 or 2 % glutamine against P. multocida infection in vaccine-immunized mice, at least partly resulting from its effects in modulation of general defense responses. Dietary glutamine supplementation had little effects on the production of P. multocida-specific antibodies. Compared to the non-supplemented group, dietary supplementation with 0.5 % glutamine had no effect on bacterial burden in vivo but decreased the expression of major virulence factors in the spleen. Collectively, supplementing 0.5 % glutamine to a conventional diet provides benefits in vaccine-immunized mice by enhancing general defense responses and decreasing expression of specific virulence factors.

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Abbreviations

CAT:

Catalase

CuZnSOD:

Superoxide dismutases

GPx-1:

Glutathione peroxidase 1

Ig:

Immunoglobulin

IL:

Interleukin

TNF:

Tumor necrosis factor

NQ:

1,4-Naphthoquinone

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Acknowledgments

This research was jointly supported by National Basic Research Project (2013CB127301) MATS-Beef Cattle Yak system (CARS-38), National Natural Science Foundation of China (31272463), and Texas A&M AgriLife Research (H-82000).

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivorce, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China

    Shuping Liu, Fengmei Zhang, Nengzhang Li & Yuanyi Peng

  2. Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China

    Shuai Chen, Wenkai Ren, Jie Yin, Jielin Duan, Gang Liu, Yulong Yin & Guoyao Wu

  3. Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA

    Guoyao Wu

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  1. Shuai Chen
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  2. Shuping Liu
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Wenkai Ren.

Additional information

S. Chen and S. Liu contributed equally to the present study.

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Chen, S., Liu, S., Zhang, F. et al. Effects of dietary l-glutamine supplementation on specific and general defense responses in mice immunized with inactivated Pasteurella multocida vaccine. Amino Acids 46, 2365–2375 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-014-1789-9

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