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Nitric oxide modulates antioxidant defense and the methylglyoxal detoxification system and reduces salinity-induced damage of wheat seedlings

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Abstract

The present study investigates the possible regulatory role of exogenous nitric oxide (NO) in antioxidant defense and methylglyoxal (MG) detoxification systems of wheat seedlings exposed to salt stress (150 and 300 mM NaCl, 4 days). Seedlings were pre-treated for 24 h with 1 mM sodium nitroprusside, a NO donor, and then subjected to salt stress. The ascorbate (AsA) content decreased significantly with increased salt stress. The amount of reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) and the GSH/GSSG ratio increased with an increase in the level of salt stress. The glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity increased significantly with severe salt stress (300 mM). The ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities did not show significant changes in response to salt stress. The glutathione reductase (GR), glyoxalase I (Gly I), and glyoxalase II (Gly II) activities decreased upon the imposition of salt stress, especially at 300 mM NaCl, with a concomitant increase in the H2O2 and lipid peroxidation levels. Exogenous NO pre-treatment of the seedlings had little influence on the non-enzymatic and enzymatic components compared to the seedlings of the untreated control. Further investigation revealed that NO pre-treatment had a synergistic effect; that is, the pre-treatment increased the AsA and GSH content and the GSH/GSSG ratio, as well as the activities of MDHAR, DHAR, GR, GST, GPX, Gly I, and Gly II in most of the seedlings subjected to salt stress. These results suggest that the exogenous application of NO rendered the plants more tolerant to salinity-induced oxidative damage by enhancing their antioxidant defense and MG detoxification systems.

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Abbreviations

AO:

Ascorbate oxidase

APX:

Ascorbate peroxidase

AsA:

Ascorbic acid

CAT:

Catalase

CDNB:

1-Chloro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene

DHA:

Dehydroascorbate

DHAR:

Dehydroascorbate reductase

DTNB:

5,5′-Dithio-bis (2-nitrobenzoic acid)

EDTA:

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

Gly I:

Glyoxalase I

Gly II:

Glyoxalase II

GR:

Glutathione reductase

GSH:

Reduced glutathione

GSSG:

Oxidized glutathione

GPX:

Glutathione peroxidase

GST:

Glutathione S-transferase

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

MDHA:

Monodehydroascorbate

MDHAR:

Monodehydroascorbate reductase

MG:

Methylglyoxal

NO:

Nitric oxide

NTB:

2-Nitro-5-thiobenzoic acid

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SLG:

S-d-lactoylglutathione

SNP:

Sodium nitroprusside

TBA:

Thiobarbituric acid

TCA:

Trichloroacetic acid

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0795, Japan

    Mirza Hasanuzzaman, Mohammad Anwar Hossain & Masayuki Fujita

  2. Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh

    Mirza Hasanuzzaman

  3. Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh

    Mohammad Anwar Hossain

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  1. Mirza Hasanuzzaman
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  3. Masayuki Fujita
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Correspondence to Masayuki Fujita.

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Hasanuzzaman, M., Hossain, M.A. & Fujita, M. Nitric oxide modulates antioxidant defense and the methylglyoxal detoxification system and reduces salinity-induced damage of wheat seedlings. Plant Biotechnol Rep 5, 353–365 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11816-011-0189-9

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