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Genetic diversity of commercially grown Moringa oleifera Lam. cultivars from India by RAPD, ISSR and cytochrome P450-based markers

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Abstract

Moringa oleifera is a less used, drought-tolerant tropical plant, rich in nutritionally and nutraceutically important bioactive compounds. It is native to India and now under cultivation in many countries, but no data is available on genetic variability. Three DNA marker techniques, i.e., random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and cytochrome P450 gene-based markers were used for the detection of genetic variability in eight Indian cultivars of M. oleifera, collected from various states of India. A total of 17 RAPD, 6 ISSR and 7 pairs of cytochrome P450-based markers generated 48.68, 48.57 and 40.00 % polymorphisms, respectively. The marker index (MI) for each of these marker systems (3.25 for RAPD, 4.73 ISSR and 2.95 for Cyt P450-based markers) suggest that ISSR markers are the most effective for assessment of genetic diversity. Based on the three types of marker data, the eight cultivars of M. oleifera were grouped into four sub-clusters in a dendrogram, but without any distinct geographical pattern. This suggests spread of planting material and high rates of gene flow through cross pollination. High bootstrap values (94.4 and 82.3) were obtained at major nodes of the dendrogram using the winboot software. The dendrogram and PCA plots generated from the binary data matrices of the three marker systems were found highly concordant to each other. This study reveals a huge genetic diversity among the cultivars and this can be utilised for conservation and cultivar development in breeding programmes to produce high yielding, nutritionally superior cultivars.

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Abbreviations

PCR:

Polymerase chain reaction

RAPD:

Random amplified polymorphic DNA

ISSR:

Inter simple sequence repeats

PIC:

Polymorphism information content

UPGMA:

Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages

PCA:

Principal component analysis

MI:

Marker index

MR:

Multiplex ratio

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Mysore, 570020, India

    R. K. Saini, K. R. Saad, G. A. Ravishankar, P. Giridhar & N. P. Shetty

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  1. R. K. Saini
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  2. K. R. Saad
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  3. G. A. Ravishankar
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  4. P. Giridhar
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  5. N. P. Shetty
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Correspondence to N. P. Shetty.

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Saini, R.K., Saad, K.R., Ravishankar, G.A. et al. Genetic diversity of commercially grown Moringa oleifera Lam. cultivars from India by RAPD, ISSR and cytochrome P450-based markers. Plant Syst Evol 299, 1205–1213 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-013-0789-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-013-0789-7

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