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Genetic diversity analysis of Ethiopian ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) accessions using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers

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Abstract

Understanding the existing genetic variation in the production system’s germplasm pool is the first step in any program aimed at improving crop genetic diversity. Regardless of its economic and sociocultural values in Ethiopia, the lack of research attention on ginger has limited its ability to improve genetically. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity among 100 ginger accessions collected from different agro-ecologies by using 12 polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The polymorphism rate indicated that 97.2% of bands are polymeric out of the 139 distinct bands produced across all loci. The result also showed an average of 3.64 different alleles (Na), 1.53 number of effective alleles (Ne), and 0.55 Shannon information index (I). The observed heterozygosity was 0.13, and the expected heterozygosity was 0.28. Analysis of molecular variance revealed a 4% variation between populations and a 96% variation within populations. The 100 accessions were grouped into three clusters based on population structure analysis. Phylogenetic tree analysis has created three major tree branches and identified a significant number of identical duplicates. The experiment suggested that there might be potential markers associated with high rhizome yield and disease tolerance, but more research is necessary to confirm this. The experiment’s findings can serve as a foundation for Ethiopia’s efforts to improve the genetic conservation and improvement of ginger.

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Data availability

We declare that data of the experimental works at all stages and findings are available.

Abbreviations

AMOVA:

Analysis of molecular variance

CBT:

Center for Biotechnology

CTAB:

Ctyl triacetate bromide

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

EDTA:

Ethylene diamine tetra acetate

EST:

Expressed sequence tag

HWE:

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium

PAG:

Polyacrylamide gel

PCoA:

Principal coordinate analysis

SSR:

Simple sequence repeat

TE:

Tris-Hcl ethylene diamine tetra acetate

UPGMA:

Unwighted pair group method with arthimetic mean

ZOF:

Zingeber officinale

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Acknowledgements

This research was conducted with funding from Southern Agricultural Research Institute and Addis Ababa University.

Funding

This research report was part of the first author’s PhD work and it was supported by budgets from the Southern Agricultural Research Institute and Addis Ababa University; Institute of Biotechnology. However, the authors declare that no funds or other supports were received during the preparation of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Southern Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 79, Hawassa, Ethiopia

    Genene Gezahegn & Yayis Rezene

  2. Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

    Genene Gezahegn & Tileye Feyissa

Authors
  1. Genene Gezahegn
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  2. Yayis Rezene
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  3. Tileye Feyissa
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the planning and implementation of the work. Genene Gezahegn performed material preparation, data collection, analysis, and first draft. Yayis Rezene and Tileye Feyissa did technical support, supervision, and edition of the manuscript versions. Hence, all authors read and approved the final manuscript for submission.

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Correspondence to Genene Gezahegn.

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Gezahegn, G., Rezene, Y. & Feyissa, T. Genetic diversity analysis of Ethiopian ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) accessions using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Genet Resour Crop Evol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-024-01972-x

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