Abstract
This review covers the major reactions involved in the solution synthesis of nanomaterials. It was designed to classify the traditional strategies such as precipitation, reduction, seed growth, etching, and so on into two basic processes which are termed as bottom-up and top-down routines. The discussion is focused on the basic mechanism and principles during the nucleation and growth of nanocrystals, especially in the solution system. This review also presents a prediction for how to utilize these intrinsic processes to artificially construct the desired specific and functional nanostructures. We try to describe the most directive and effective way to control the structures of nanocrystals for researchers who can master the major reaction mechanism and grasp the basic technologies in synthetic nanoscience.
摘要
本综述涵盖了涉及纳米材料液相合成的主要反应, 将沉淀法、还原法、晶种生长法、刻蚀法等传统策略分为自下而上和自上而下 两个基本过程. 主要集中讨论了纳米晶成核与生长(尤其在液相体系中)的基本机理和原则. 本文也预测了如何利用这些纳米合成的基本规 律去构造所需的具有特定结构的、功能性的纳米结构. 在合成纳米科学中, 如果研究人员可以熟练掌握主要反应机理、抓住基本技术, 便 可以用更直接、有效的方法去控制纳米晶的结构.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Wang X, Peng Q, Li Y. Interface-mediated growth of monodispersed nanostructures. Acc Chem Res, 2007, 40: 635–643
Xia Y, Xiong Y, Lim B, et al. Shape-controlled synthesis of metal nanocrystals: simple chemistry meets complex physics? Angew Chem Int Ed, 2009, 48: 60–103
Lim B, Xia Y. Metal nanocrystals with highly branched morphologies. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2011, 50: 76–85
Zhang H, Jin M, Xia Y. Noble-metal nanocrystals with concave surfaces: synthesis and applications. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2012, 51: 7656–7673
Xiong Y, Wiley BJ, Xia Y. Nanocrystals with unconventional shapes—a class of promising catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2007, 46: 7157–7159
Zhou ZY, Tian N, Li JT, et al. Nanomaterials of high surface energy with exceptional properties in catalysis and energy storage. Chem Soc Rev, 2011, 40: 4167–4185
Quan Z, Wang Y, Fang J. High-index faceted noblemetal nanocrystals. Acc Chem Res, 2013, 46: 191–202
Chen M, Wu B, Yang J, et al. Small adsorbate-assisted shape control of Pd and Pt nanocrystals. Adv Mater, 2012, 24: 862–879
Liu Y, Goebl J, Yin Y. Templated synthesis of nanostructured materials. Chem Soc Rev, 2013, 42: 2610–2653
Chiu CY, Ruan L, Huang Y. Biomolecular specificity controlled nanomaterial synthesis. Chem Soc Rev, 2013, 42: 2512–2527
Shi W, Song S, Zhang H. Hydrothermal synthetic strategies of inorganic semiconducting nanostructures. Chem Soc Rev, 2013, 42: 5714–5743
Modeshia DR, Walton RI. Solvothermal synthesis of perovskites and pyrochlores: crystallisation of functional oxides under mild conditions. Chem Soc Rev, 2010, 39: 4303–4325
Nadagouda MN, Speth TF, Varma RS. Microwave-assisted green synthesis of silver nanostructures. Acc Chem Res, 2011, 44: 469–478
Xu H, Zeiger BW, Suslick KS. Sonochemical synthesis of nanomaterials. Chem Soc Rev, 2013, 42: 2555–2567
Tong G, Guan J, Xiao Z, et al. In situ generated gas bubble-assisted modulation of the morphologies, photocatalytic, and magnetic properties of ferric oxide nanostructures synthesized by thermal decomposition of iron nitrate. J Nanopart Res, 2010, 12: 3025–3037
Stoner EC, Wohlfarth EP. A mechanism of magnetic hysteresis in heterogeneous alloys. Philos Trans R Soc A-Math Phys Eng Scis, 1948, 240: 599–642
Ku JY, Aruguete DM, Alivisatos AP, et al. Self-assembly of magnetic nanoparticles in evaporating solution. J AmChem Soc, 2011, 133: 838–848
Alphandéry E, Ding Y, Ngo AT, et al. Assemblies of aligned magnetotactic bacteria and extracted magnetosomes: what is the main factor responsible for the magnetic anisotropy? ACS Nano, 2009, 3: 1539–1547
Petit C, Russier V, Pileni MP. Effect of the structure of cobalt nanocrystal organization on the collective magnetic properties. J Phys Chem B, 2003, 107: 10333–10336
La Mer VK, Dinegar RH. Theory, production and mechanism of formation of monodispersed hydrosols. J Am Chem Soc, 1950, 72: 4847–4854
Auer S, Frenkel D. Prediction of absolute crystal-nucleation rate in hard-sphere colloids. Nature, 2001, 409: 1020–1023
Erdemir D, Lee AY, Myerson AS. Nucleation of crystals from solution: classical and two-step models. Acc Chem Res, 2009, 42: 621–629
Wolde PR. Enhancement of protein crystal nucleation by critical density fluctuations. Science, 1997, 277: 1975–1978
Nicolis G, Nicolis C. Enhancement of the nucleation of protein crystals by the presence of an intermediate phase: a kinetic model. Phys A-Statistical Mech its Appl, 2003, 323: 139–154
Gavezzotti A. Molecular aggregation of acetic acid in a carbon tetrachloride solution: a molecular dynamics study with a view to crystal nucleation. Chem Eur J, 1999, 5: 567–576
Talanquer V, Oxtoby DW. Crystal nucleation in the presence of a metastable critical point. J Chem Phys, 1998, 109: 223–227
Peng X, Wickham J, Alivisatos AP. Kinetics of II-VI and III-V colloidal semiconductor nanocrystal growth: “focusing” of size distributions. J Am Chem Soc, 1998, 120: 5343–5344
Peng ZA, Peng X. Mechanisms of the shape evolution of CdSe nanocrystals. J Am Chem Soc, 2001, 123: 1389–1395
Peng ZA, Peng X. Nearlymonodisperse and shape-controlled CdSe nanocrystals via alternative routes: nucleation and growth. J Am Chem Soc, 2002, 124: 3343–3353
Thessing J, Qian J, Chen H, et al. Interparticle influence on size/size distribution evolution of nanocrystals. J Am Chem Soc, 2007, 129: 2736–2737
Lin Z, Gilbert B, Liu Q, et al. A thermodynamically stable nanophase material. J Am Chem Soc, 2006, 128: 6126–6131
Zhang J, Lin Z, Lan Y, et al. Amultistep oriented attachment kinetics: coarsening of ZnS nanoparticle in concentrated NaOH. J Am Chem Soc, 2006, 128: 12981–12987
Li S, Xie T, Peng Q, et al. Nucleation and growth of CeF3 and NaCeF4 nanocrystals. Chem Eur J, 2009, 15: 2512–2517
Xie T, Li S, Peng Q, et al. Monodisperse BaF2 nanocrystals: phases, size transitions, and self-assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2009, 48: 196–200
Xie T, Li S, Wang W, et al. Nucleation and growth of BaFxCl2-x nanorods. Chem Eur J, 2008, 14: 9730–9735
Wu Y, Wang D, Li Y. Nanocrystals from solutions: catalysts. Chem Soc Rev, 2014, 43: 2112–2124
Hulliger J. Chemistry and crystal growth. Angew Chem Int Ed, 1994, 33: 143–162
Klionsky DJ, Abdalla FC, Abeliovich H, et al. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays formonitoring autophagy. Autophagy, 2002, 8: 445–544
Manna L, Scher EC, Alivisatos AP. Synthesis of soluble and processable rod-, arrow-, teardrop-, and tetrapod-shaped CdSe nanocrystals. J Am Chem Soc, 2000, 122: 12700–12706
Peng ZA, Peng X. Formation of high-quality CdTe, CdSe, and CdS nanocrystals using CdO as precursor. J Am Chem Soc, 2001, 123: 183–184
Lee JH, Huh YM, Jun Y, et al. Artificially engineered magnetic nanoparticles for ultra-sensitive molecular imaging. Nat Med, 2007, 13: 95–99
Dai Y, Zhang Y, Li QK, et al. Synthesis and optical properties of tetrapod-like zinc oxide nanorods. Chem Phys Lett, 2002, 358: 83–86
Tao A, Sinsermsuksakul P, Yang P. Polyhedral silver nanocrystals with distinct scattering signatures. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2006, 45: 4597–4601
Xia X, Zeng J, McDearmon B, et al. Silver nanocrystals with concave surfaces and their optical and surface-enhanced raman scattering properties. Angew Chem, 2011, 123: 12750–12754
Tian N, Zhou ZY, Sun SG, et al. Synthesis of tetrahexahedral platinum nanocrystals with high-index facets and high electro-oxidation activity. Science, 2007, 316: 732–735
Fan Z, Huang X, Han Y, et al. Surface modification-induced phase transformation of hexagonal close-packed gold square sheets. Nat Commun, 2015, 6: 6571
Bort H, Jüttner K, Lorenz WJ, et al. Underpotential alloy formation in the system Ag(hkl)/Cd2+. Electrochim Acta, 1983, 28: 993–1001
Wang Y, Wan D, Xie S, et al. Synthesis of silver octahedra with controlled sizes and optical properties via seed-mediated growth. ACS Nano, 2013, 7: 4586–4594
Huang X, Qi X, Boey F, et al. Graphene-based composites. Chem Soc Rev, 2012, 41: 666–686
Huang X, Zeng Z, Zhang H. Metal dichalcogenide nanosheets: preparation, properties and applications. Chem Soc Rev, 2013, 42: 1934–1946
Allen MJ, Tung VC, Kaner RB. Honeycomb carbon: a review of graphene. Chem Rev, 2010, 110: 132–145
Haruta M. Gold catalysts prepared by coprecipitation for low-temperature oxidation of hydrogen and of carbon monoxide. J Catal, 1989, 115: 301–309
Valden M. Onset of catalytic activity of gold clusters on titania with the appearance of nonmetallic properties. Science, 1998, 281: 1647–1650
Chen D, Feng H, Li J. Graphene oxide: preparation, functionalization, and electrochemical applications. Chem Rev, 2012, 112: 6027–6053
Zhao G, Schwartz Z, Wieland M, et al. High surface energy enhances cell response to titanium substrate microstructure. J Biomed Mater Res A, 2005, 74A: 49–58
Dreyer DR, Park S, Bielawski CW, et al. The chemistry of graphene oxide. Chem Soc Rev, 2010, 39: 228–240
Loh KP, Bao Q, Eda G, et al. Graphene oxide as a chemically tunable platform for optical applications. Nat Chem, 2010, 2: 1015–1024
Zhang H, Jin M, Xiong Y, et al. Shape-controlled synthesis of Pd nanocrystals and their catalytic applications. Acc Chem Res, 2013, 46: 1783–1794
Schwartz-Duval AS, Misra SK, Mukherjee P, et al. An anisotropic propagation technique for synthesizing hyperbranched polyvillic gold nanoparticles. Nano Res, 2016
Fang Z, Zhang Y, Du F, et al. Growth of anisotropic platinum nanostructures catalyzed by gold seed nanoparticles. Nano Res, 2008, 1: 249–257
Xu X, Lu Y, Yang Y, et al. Tuning the growth of metal-organic framework nanocrystals by using polyoxometalates as coordination modulators. Sci China Mater, 2015, 58: 370–377
Niu Z, LiY. Removal and utilization of capping agents in nanocatalysis. Chem Mater, 2014, 26: 72–83
Huang X, Tang S, Mu X, et al. Freestanding palladium nanosheets with plasmonic and catalytic properties. Nat Nanotech, 2011, 6: 28–32
Zeng J, Zheng Y, Rycenga M, et al. Controlling the shapes of silver nanocrystals with different capping agents. J Am Chem Soc, 2010, 132: 8552–8553
Dou L, Wong AB, Yu Y, et al. Atomically thin two-dimensional organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites. Science, 2015, 349: 1518–1521
Wang ZL. Transmission electron microscopy of shape-controlled nanocrystals and their assemblies. J Phys Chem B, 2000, 104: 1153–1175
Wiley B, Sun Y, Mayers B, et al. Shape-controlled synthesis ofmetal nanostructures: the case of silver. Chem Eur J, 2005, 11: 454–463
Nikoobakht B, El-Sayed MA. Preparation and growth mechanism of gold nanorods (nrs) using seed-mediated growthmethod. Chem Mater, 2003, 15: 1957–1962
Wadams RC, Fabris L, Vaia RA, et al. Time-dependent susceptibility of the growth of gold nanorods to the addition of a cosurfactant. Chem Mater, 2013, 25: 4772–4780
Ye X, Jin L, Caglayan H, et al. Improved size-tunable synthesis of monodisperse gold nanorods through the use of aromatic additives. ACS Nano, 2012, 6: 2804–2817
Eustis S, El-Sayed MA. Why gold nanoparticles are more precious than pretty gold: noble metal surface plasmon resonance and its enhancement of the radiative and nonradiative properties of nanocrystals of different shapes. Chem Soc Rev, 2006, 35: 209–217
Murphy CJ, Gole AM, Stone JW, et al. Gold nanoparticles in biology: beyond toxicity to cellular imaging. Acc Chem Res, 2008, 41: 1721–1730
Dickerson EB, Dreaden EC, Huang X, et al. Gold nanorod assisted near-infrared plasmonic photothermal therapy (PPTT) of squa-mous cell carcinoma in mice. Cancer Lett, 2008, 269: 57–66
Hu M, Chen J, Li ZY, et al. Gold nanostructures: engineering their plasmonic properties for biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev, 2006, 35: 1084–1094
Ghosh SK, Pal T. Interparticle coupling effect on the surface plasmon resonance of gold nanoparticles: from theory to applications. Chem Rev, 2007, 107: 4797–4862
Jones MR, Osberg KD, Macfarlane RJ, et al. Templated techniques for the synthesis and assembly of plasmonic nanostructures. Chem Rev, 2011, 111: 3736–3827
Xiong Y, Cai H, Wiley BJ, et al. Synthesis and mechanistic study of palladium nanobars and nanorods. J Am Chem Soc, 2007, 129: 3665–3675
Huang X, Zhang H, Guo C, et al. Simplifying the creation of hollow metallic nanostructures: one-pot synthesis of hollow palladium/ platinum single-crystalline nanocubes. Angew Chem, 2009, 121: 4902–4906
Li C, Sato R, Kanehara M, et al. Controllable polyol synthesis of uniform palladium icosahedra: effect of twinned structure on deformation of crystalline lattices. Angew Chem, 2009, 121: 7015–7019
Huang X, Zheng N. One-pot, high-yield synthesis of 5-fold twinned Pd nanowires and nanorods. J Am Chem Soc, 2009, 131: 4602–4603
Bratlie KM, Lee H, Komvopoulos K, et al. Platinum nanoparticle shape effects on benzene hydrogenation selectivity. Nano Lett, 2007, 7: 3097–3101
Sneed BT, Kuo CH, Brodsky CN, et al. Iodide-mediated control of rhodium epitaxial growth on well-defined noble metal nanocrystals: synthesis, characterization, and structure-dependent catalytic properties. J Am Chem Soc, 2012, 134: 18417–18426
Sneed BT, Brodsky CN, Kuo CH, et al. Nanoscale-phase-separated Pd–Rh boxes synthesized via metal migration: an archetype for studying lattice strain and composition effects in electrocatalysis. J Am Chem Soc, 2013, 135: 14691–14700
Yin AX, Liu WC, Ke J, et al. Ru nanocrystals with shape-dependent surface-enhanced Raman spectra and catalytic properties: controlled synthesis and DFT calculations. J Am Chem Soc, 2012, 134: 20479–20489
Gu J, Zhang YW, Tao FF. Shape control of bimetallic nanocatalysts through well-designed colloidal chemistry approaches. Chem Soc Rev, 2012, 41: 8050–8065
Yu JH, Joo J, Park HM, et al. Synthesis of quantum-sized cubic ZnS nanorods by the oriented attachmentmechanism. J AmChem Soc, 2005, 127: 5662–5670
Huang X, Li S, Huang Y, et al. Synthesis of hexagonal close-packed gold nanostructures. Nat Commun, 2011, 2: 292
Zitoun D, Pinna N, Frolet N, et al. Single crystal manganese oxide multipods by oriented attachment. J Am Chem Soc, 2005, 127: 15034–15035
Penn RL. Imperfect oriented attachment: dislocation generation in defect-free nanocrystals. Science, 1998, 281: 969–971
Penn RL, Banfield JF. Oriented attachment and growth, twinning, polytypism, and formation of metastable phases; insights from nanocrystalline TiO2. Am Miner, 1998, 83: 1077–1082
Pacholski C, Kornowski A, Weller H. Self-assembly of ZnO: from nanodots to nanorods. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2002, 41: 1188–1191
Banfield JF. Aggregation-based crystal growth and microstructure development in natural iron oxyhydroxide biomineralization products. Science, 2000, 289: 751–754
Cho KS, Talapin DV, GaschlerW, et al. Designing PbSe nanowires and nanorings through oriented attachment of nanoparticles. JAm Chem Soc, 2005, 127: 7140–7147
Halder A, Ravishankar N. Ultrafine single-crystalline gold nanowire arrays by oriented attachment. Adv Mater, 2007, 19: 1854–1858
Zhang Q, Liu SJ, Yu SH. Recent advances in oriented attachment growth and synthesis of functional materials: concept, evidence, mechanism, and future. J Mater Chem, 2009, 19: 191–207
Zhang X, Xie Y. Recent advances in free-standing two-dimensional crystals with atomic thickness: design, assembly and transfer strategies. Chem Soc Rev, 2013, 42: 8187–8199
Zhang X, Zhang J, Zhao J, et al. Half-metallic ferromagnetism in synthetic Co9Se8 nanosheets with atomic thickness. J Am Chem Soc, 2012, 134: 11908–11911
Schliehe C, Juarez BH, Pelletier M, et al. Ultrathin PbS sheets by two-dimensional oriented attachment. Science, 2010, 329: 550–553
Duan H, Yan N, Yu R, et al. Ultrathin rhodium nanosheets. Nat Commun, 2014, 5: 3093
Hu S, Wang X. Ultrathin nanostructures: smaller size with new phenomena. Chem Soc Rev, 2013, 42: 5577–5594
Delahay P, Tobias CW, Gerischer H. Advances in Electrochemistry and Electrochemical Engineering, Vol. 11. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1978: 446
Sudha V, Sangaranarayanan MV. Underpotential deposition of metals: structural and thermodynamic considerations. J Phys Chem B, 2002, 106: 2699–2707
Bockris JOM, Reddy AKN. Modern Electrochemistry: an Introduction to an Interdisciplinary Area. Berlin: Springer Science & Business Media, 2012
Personick ML, Langille MR, Zhang J, et al. Shape control of gold nanoparticles by silver underpotential deposition. Nano Lett, 2011, 11: 3394–3398
Zhang L, Zhang J, Kuang Q, et al. Cu2+-assisted synthesis of hexoctahedral Au–Pd alloy nanocrystals with high-index facets. J Am Chem Soc, 2011, 133: 17114–17117
Herrero E, Buller LJ, Abruña HD. Underpotential deposition at single crystal surfaces of Au, Pt, Ag and other materials. Chem Rev, 2001, 101: 1897–1930
Jackson SR, McBride JR, Rosenthal SJ, et al. Where’s the silver? Imaging trace silver coverage on the surface of gold nanorods. J Am Chem Soc, 2014, 136: 5261–5263
Ge J, He D, Bai L, et al. Ordered porous Pd octahedra covered with monolayer Ru atoms. J Am Chem Soc, 2015, 137: 14566–14569
Sun S. Monodisperse FePt nanoparticles and ferromagnetic FePt nanocrystal superlattices. Science, 2000, 287: 1989–1992
Fan Z, Bosman M, Huang X, et al. Stabilization of 4H hexagonal phase in gold nanoribbons. Nat Commun, 2015, 6: 7684
Liu X, Luo J, Zhu J. Size effect on the crystal structure of silver nanowires. Nano Lett, 2006, 6: 408–412
Ling T, Xie L, Zhu J, et al. Icosahedral face-centered cubic Fe nanoparticles: facile synthesis and characterization with aberration-corrected TEM. Nano Lett, 2009, 9: 1572–1576
Kim C, Kim C, Lee K, et al. Shaped Ni nanoparticles with an unconventional hcp crystalline structure. Chem Commun, 2014, 50: 6353–6356
Kusada K, Kobayashi H, Yamamoto T, et al. Discovery of face-centered-cubic ruthenium nanoparticles: facile size-controlled synthesis using the chemical reductionmethod. JAmChem Soc, 2013, 135: 5493–5496
Li Y, Cheng H, Yao T, et al. Hexane-driven icosahedral to cuboctahedral structure transformation of gold nanoclusters. J Am Chem Soc, 2012, 134: 17997–18003
Fan Z, Zhu Y, Huang X, et al. Synthesis of ultrathin face-centered-cubic Au@Pt and Au@Pd core-shell nanoplates from hexagonal-close-packed Au square sheets. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2015, 54: 5672–5676
Zhang S, Guo S, Zhu H, et al. Structure-induced enhancement in electrooxidation of trimetallic FePtAu nanoparticles. J Am Chem Soc, 2012, 134: 5060–5063
Yao Y, He DS, Lin Y, et al. Modulating fcc and hcp ruthenium on the surface of palladium-copper alloy through tunable lattice mismatch. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2016, 55: 5501–5505
Fan Z, Zhang H. Crystal phase-controlled synthesis, properties and applications of noble metal nanomaterials. Chem Soc Rev, 2016, 45: 63–82
Langille MR, Personick ML, Zhang J, et al. Bottom-up synthesis of gold octahedra with tailorable hollow features. J Am Chem Soc, 2011, 133: 10414–10417
Wang Y, Xia Y. Bottom-up and top-down approaches to the synthesis of monodispersed spherical colloids of low melting-point metals. Nano Lett, 2004, 4: 2047–2050
Zhang G, Jin X, Li H, et al. N-doped crumpled graphene: bottom-up synthesis and its superior oxygen reduction performance. Sci China Mater, 2016, 59: 337–347
Zhuang Z, Peng Q, Li Y. Controlled synthesis of semiconductor nanostructures in the liquid phase. Chem Soc Rev, 2011, 40: 5492–5513
Lesnyak V, Gaponik N, Eychmüller A. Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals: the aqueous approach. Chem Soc Rev, 2013, 42: 2905–2929
Kershaw SV, Susha AS, Rogach AL. Narrow bandgap colloidal metal chalcogenide quantumdots: syntheticmethods, heterostructures, assemblies, electronic and infrared optical properties. Chem Soc Rev, 2013, 42: 3033–3087
Gao MR, Xu YF, Jiang J, et al. Nanostructuredmetal chalcogenides: synthesis, modification, and applications in energy conversion and storage devices. Chem Soc Rev, 2013, 42: 2986–3017
Nirmal M, Dabbousi BO, Bawendi MG, et al. Fluorescence intermittency in single cadmium selenide nanocrystals. Nature, 1996, 383: 802–804
Ekimov AI, Efros AL, Onushchenko AA. Quantum size effect in semiconductor microcrystals. Solid State Commun, 1985, 56: 921–924
Li Z, Yu R, Huang J, et al. Platinum–nickel frame within metalorganic framework fabricated in situ for hydrogen enrichment and molecular sieving. Nat Commun, 2015, 6: 8248
Zhuang Z, Peng Q, Wang X, et al. Tetrahedral colloidal crystals of Ag2S nanocrystals. Angew Chem, 2007, 119: 8322–8325
Zhuang Z, Peng Q, Zhang B, et al. Controllable synthesis of Cu2S nanocrystals and their assembly into a superlattice. J Am Chem Soc, 2008, 130: 10482–10483
Liu Y, Deng Y, Sun Z, et al. Hierarchical Cu2S microsponges constructed from nanosheets for efficient photocatalysis. Small, 2013, 9: 2702–2708
Jiao S, Xu L, Jiang K, et al. Well-defined non-spherical copper sulfide mesocages with single-crystalline shells by shape-controlled Cu2O crystal templating. Adv Mater, 2006, 18: 1174–1177
Akkerman QA, Genovese A, George C, et al. From binary Cu2S to ternary Cu–In–S and quaternary Cu–In–Zn–S nanocrystals with tunable composition via partial cation exchange. ACS Nano, 2015, 9: 521–531
Mews A, Eychmueller A, Giersig M, et al. Preparation, characterization, and photophysics of the quantum dot quantum well system cadmium sulfide/mercury sulfide/cadmium sulfide. J Phys Chem, 1994, 98: 934–941
Wang X, Liu M, Zhou Z, et al. Toward facet engineering of CdS nanocrystals and their shape-dependent photocatalytic activities. J Phys Chem C, 2015, 119: 20555–20560
Ma L, Liang S, Liu XL, et al. Synthesis of dumbbell-like gold-metal sulfide core-shell nanorods with largely enhanced transverse plasmon resonance in visible region and efficiently improved photocatalytic activity. Adv Funct Mater, 2015, 25: 898–904
Dutta S, Ray C, Mallick S, et al. A gel-based approach to design hierarchical CuS decorated reduced graphene oxide nanosheets for enhanced peroxidase-like activity leading to colorimetric detection of dopamine. J Phys Chem C, 2015, 119: 23790–23800
Zhao B, Shao G, Fan B, et al. Synthesis of flower-like CuS hollow microspheres based on nanoflakes self-assembly and their microwave absorption properties. J Mater Chem A, 2015, 3: 10345–10352
Deng C, Ge X, Hu H, et al. Template-free and green sonochemical synthesis of hierarchically structuredCuS hollowmicrospheres displaying excellent Fenton-like catalytic activities. CrystEngComm, 2014, 16: 2738–2745
Huang WC, Lyu LM, Yang YC, et al. Synthesis of Cu2Onanocrystals fromcubic to rhombic dodecahedral structures and their comparative photocatalytic activity. J Am Chem Soc, 2012, 134: 1261–1267
Shang Y, Shao YM, Zhang DF, et al. Recrystallization-induced selfassembly for the growth of Cu2Osuperstructures. AngewChem Int Ed, 2014, 53: 11514–11518
Hung LI, Tsung CK, HuangW, et al. Room-temperature formation of hollow Cu2O nanoparticles. Adv Mater, 2010, 22: 1910–1914
Wu J, Ren Z, Du S, et al. A highly active oxygen evolution electrocatalyst: ultrathin CoNi double hydroxide/CoO nanosheets synthesized via interface-directed assembly. Nano Res, 2016, 9: 713–725
Wang Q, O’Hare D. Recent advances in the synthesis and application of layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheets. Chem Rev, 2012, 112: 4124–4155
Xu ZP, Zhang J, Adebajo MO, et al. Catalytic applications of layered double hydroxides and derivatives. Appl Clay Sci, 2011, 53: 139–150
Gong M, Dai H. A mini review of NiFe-based materials as highly active oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalysts. Nano Res, 2015, 8: 23–39
Wang H, Yan Y, Li B, et al. Hierarchical self-assembly of surfactantencapsulated and organically grafted polyoxometalate complexes. Chem Eur J, 2011, 17: 4273–4282
Li JR, Sculley J, Zhou HC. Metal–organic frameworks for separations. Chem Rev, 2012, 112: 869–932
Lu G, Li S, Guo Z, et al. Imparting functionality to ametal–organic framework material by controlled nanoparticle encapsulation. Nat Chem, 2012, 4: 310–316
Yang J, Zhang F, Lu H, et al. Hollow Zn/Co ZIF particles derived from core-shell ZIF-67@ZIF-8 as selective catalyst for the semi-hydrogenation of acetylene. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2015, 54: 10889–10893
Song YF, Tsunashima R. Recent advances on polyoxometalate-based molecular and composite materials. Chem Soc Rev, 2012, 41: 7384–7402
Nyman M, Burns PC. A comprehensive comparison of transition-metal and actinyl polyoxometalates. Chem Soc Rev, 2012, 41: 7354–7367
Proust A, Matt B, Villanneau R, et al. Functionalization and postfunctionalization: a step towards polyoxometalate-basedmaterials. Chem Soc Rev, 2012, 41: 7605–7622
Banerjee A, Bassil BS, Röschenthaler GV, et al. Diphosphates and diphosphonates in polyoxometalate chemistry. Chem Soc Rev, 2012, 41: 7590–7604
Wang Y, Weinstock IA. Polyoxometalate-decorated nanoparticles. Chem Soc Rev, 2012, 41: 7479–7496
Miras HN, Yan J, Long DL, et al. Engineering polyoxometalates with emergent properties. Chem Soc Rev, 2012, 41: 7403–7430
Yin P, Li D, Liu T. Solution behaviors and self-assembly of polyoxometalates as models of macroions and amphiphilic polyoxometalate–organic hybrids as novel surfactants. Chem Soc Rev, 2012, 41: 7368–7383
Li H, Yang Y, Wang Y, et al. In situ fabrication of flower-like gold nanoparticles in surfactant-polyoxometalate-hybrid spherical assemblies. Chem Commun, 2010, 46: 3750–3752
Pradeep CP, Li FY, Lydon C, et al. Design and synthesis of “dumbbell” and “triangular” inorganic-organic hybrid nanopolyoxometalate clusters and their characterisation through ESI-MS analyses. Chem Eur J, 2011, 17: 7472–7479
Li Q, Wang E, Li S, et al. Template-free polyoxometalate-assisted synthesis for ZnO hollow spheres. J Solid State Chem, 2009, 182: 1149–1155
Azumi MA, Ishihara T, Nishiguchi H, et al. Electrochemical intercalation of Li into heteropoly 12 molybdophosphoric acid ion-exchanged with Cs. Electrochemistry, 2002, 11: 869–874
He P, Xu B, Wang P, et al. A monolayer polyoxometalate superlattice. Adv Mater, 2014, 26: 4339–4344
Lee JY, Farha OK, Roberts J, et al. Metal–organic framework materials as catalysts. Chem Soc Rev, 2009, 38: 1450–1459
Schüth F, Sing KSW, Weitkamp J. Handbook of Porous Solids. Berlin: Wiley-VCH, 2002
Davis ME. Ordered porous materials for emerging applications. Nature, 2002, 417: 813–821
Zhou HC, Long JR, Yaghi OM. Introduction to metal–organic frameworks. Chem Rev, 2012, 112: 673–674
Xu R, Pang W, Yu J, et al. Chemistry of Zeolites and Related Porous Materials: Synthesis and Structure. Berlin: John Wiley & Sons, 2009
Bansal RC, Goyal M. Activated Carbon Adsorption. Boca Raton: CRC press, 2005
Perry IV JJ, Perman JA, Zaworotko MJ. Design and synthesis of metal–organic frameworks using metal–organic polyhedra as supermolecular building blocks. Chem Soc Rev, 2009, 38: 1400–1417
Yaghi OM, O'Keeffe M, Ockwig NW, et al. Reticular synthesis and the design of new materials. Nature, 2003, 423: 705–714
Li CP, Du M. Role of solvents in coordination supramolecular systems. Chem Commun, 2011, 47: 5958–5972
Guillerm V, Kim D, Eubank JF, et al. A supermolecular building approach for the design and construction of metal–organic frameworks. Chem Soc Rev, 2014, 43: 6141–6172
Moon HR, Lim DW, Suh MP. Fabrication ofmetal nanoparticles in metal–organic frameworks. Chem Soc Rev, 2013, 42: 1807–1824
Zhu QL, Xu Q. Metal–organic framework composites. Chem Soc Rev, 2014, 43: 5468–5512
Liu XJ, Cui CH, Yu SH, et al. Pt-Ni alloyed nanocrystals with controlled architectures for enhanced methanol oxidation. Chem Comm, 2013, 49: 8703–8706
Chen Z, Waje M, Li W, et al. Supportless Pt and PtPd nanotubes as electrocatalysts for oxygen-reduction reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2007, 46: 4060–4063
Ponrouch A, Garbarino S, Guay D. Effect of the nanostructure on the CO poisoning rate of platinum. Electrochemistry Commun, 2009, 11: 834–837
Colombi Ciacchi L, Pompe W, De Vita A. Growth of platinum clusters via addition of Pt(II) complexes: a first principles investigation. J Phys Chem B, 2003, 107: 1755–1764
Xia BY, Wu HB, Li N, et al. One-pot synthesis of Pt-Co alloy nanowire assemblies with tunable composition and enhanced electrocatalytic properties. Angew Chem, 2015, 127: 3868–3872
Zeng J, Lee J. Effects of preparation conditions on performance of carbon-supported nanosize Pt-Co catalysts for methanol electro-oxidation under acidic conditions. J Power Sources, 2005, 140: 268–273
Teng X, Liang X, Maksimuk S, et al. Synthesis of porous platinum nanoparticles. Small, 2006, 2: 249–253
Watt J, Cheong S, Toney MF, et al. Ultrafast growth of highly branched palladium nanostructures for catalysis. ACS Nano, 2010, 4: 396–402
Chen YH, Hung HH, Huang MH. Seed-mediated synthesis of palladium nanorods and branched nanocrystals and their use as recyclable Suzuki coupling reaction catalysts. J Am Chem Soc, 2009, 131: 9114–9121
Hao E, Bailey RC, Schatz GC, et al. Synthesis and optical properties of “branched” gold nanocrystals. Nano Lett, 2004, 4: 327–330
Lim B, Jiang M, Tao J, et al. Shape-controlled synthesis of Pd nanocrystals in aqueous solutions. Adv Funct Mater, 2009, 19: 189–200
Nam KM, Shim JH, Ki H, et al. Single-crystalline hollow facecentered-cubic cobalt nanoparticles from solid face-centered-cubic cobalt oxide nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2008, 47: 9504–9508
Wang Y, Camargo PHC, Skrabalak SE, et al. A facile, water-based synthesis of highly branched nanostructures of silver. Langmuir, 2008, 24: 12042–12046
Wang X, Itoh H, Naka K, et al. Tetrathiafulvalene-assisted formation of silver dendritic nanostructures in acetonitrile. Langmuir, 2003, 19: 6242–6246
Wen X, Xie YT, Mak WC, et al. Dendritic nanostructures of silver: facile synthesis, structural characterizations, and sensing applications. Langmuir, 2006, 22: 4836–4842
Hoefelmeyer JD, Niesz K, Somorjai GA, et al. Radial anisotropic growth of rhodium nanoparticles. Nano Lett, 2005, 5: 435–438
Xiong Y, Chen J, Wiley B, et al. Size-dependence of surface plasmon resonance and oxidation for Pd nanocubes synthesized via a seed etching process. Nano Lett, 2005, 5: 1237–1242
Lim B, Xiong Y, Xia Y. A water-based synthesis of octahedral, decahedral, and icosahedral Pd nanocrystals. Angew Chem, 2007, 119: 9439–9442
Jin M, Zhang H, Xie Z, et al. Palladium nanocrystals enclosed by {100} and {111} facets in controlled proportions and their catalytic activities for formic acid oxidation. Energy Environ Sci, 2012, 5: 6352–6357
Lu N, Chen W, Fang G, et al. 5-Fold twinned nanowires and single twinned right bipyramids of Pd: utilizing small organic molecules to tune the etching degree of O2/halides. Chem Mater, 2014, 26: 2453–2459
Kimura F, Khalil G, Zettsu N, et al. Dual luminophore polystyrene microspheres for pressure-sensitive luminescent imaging. Meas Sci Technol, 2006, 17: 1254–1260
Humphrey SM, Grass ME, Habas SE, et al. Rhodium nanoparticles from cluster seeds: control of size and shape by precursor addition rate. Nano Lett, 2007, 7: 785–790
Peng Z, Yang H. PtAu bimetallic heteronanostructures made by post-synthesis modification of Pt-on-Au nanoparticles. Nano Res, 2009, 2: 406–415
Mulvihill MJ, Ling XY, Henzie J, et al. Anisotropic etching of silver nanoparticles for plasmonic structures capable of single-particle SERS. J Am Chem Soc, 2010, 132: 268–274
Peng Z, Yang H. Synthesis and oxygen reduction electrocatalytic property of Pt-on-Pd bimetallic heteronanostructures. J AmChem Soc, 2009, 131: 7542–7543
Zheng H, Smith RK, Jun Y, et al. Observation of single colloidal platinum nanocrystal growth trajectories. Science, 2009, 324: 1309–1312
Zhang HT, Ding J, Chow GM. Morphological control of synthesis and anomalous magnetic properties of 3-D branched Pt nanoparticles. Langmuir, 2008, 24: 375–378
Mazumdar D, Nagraj N, Kim HK, et al. Activity, folding and Z-DNA formation of the 8-17 DNAzyme in the presence of monovalent ions. J Am Chem Soc, 2009, 131: 5506–5515
Lim B, Kobayashi H, Camargo PHC, et al. New insights into the growth mechanism and surface structure of palladium nanocrystals. Nano Res, 2010, 3: 180–188
Yin Y, Alivisatos AP. Colloidal nanocrystal synthesis and the organic–inorganic interface. Nature, 2005, 437: 664–670
Niu Z, Peng Q, Gong M, et al. Oleylamine-mediated shape evolution of palladium nanocrystals. Angew Chem, 2011, 123: 6439–6443
De Santis CJ, Skrabalak SE. Core values: elucidating the role of seed structure in the synthesis of symmetrically branched nanocrystals. J Am Chem Soc, 2013, 135: 10–13
Jin M, Liu H, Zhang H, et al. Synthesis of Pd nanocrystals enclosed by {100} facets and with sizes <10 nm for application in CO oxidation. Nano Res, 2011, 4: 83–91
Sau TK, Murphy CJ. Room temperature, high-yield synthesis of multiple shapes of gold nanoparticles in aqueous solution. J Am Chem Soc, 2004, 126: 8648–8649
Zhao H, Yang J, Wang L, et al. Fabrication of a palladium nanoparticle/graphene nanosheet hybrid via sacrifice of a copper template and its application in catalytic oxidation of formic acid. Chem Commun, 2011, 47: 2014–2016
Zhong C, Liu J, Ni Z, et al. Shape-controlled synthesis of Pt-Ir nanocubes with preferential (100) orientation and their unusual enhanced electrocatalytic activities. Sci China Mater, 2014, 57: 13–25
Xu B, Yang H, Zhou G, et al. Strong metal-support interaction in size-controlled monodisperse palladium-hematite nano-heterostructures during a liquid-solid heterogeneous catalysis. Sci China Mater, 2014, 57: 34–41
Wu J, Pan YT, Su D, et al. Ultrathin and stable AgAu alloy nanowires. Sci China Mater, 2015, 58: 595–602
Guo S, Wang E. Noble metal nanomaterials: controllable synthesis and application in fuel cells and analytical sensors. Nano Today, 2011, 6: 240–264
Zhang L, Niu W, Xu G. Synthesis and applications of noble metal nanocrystals with high-energy facets. Nano Today, 2012, 7: 586–605
Yang CW, Chanda K, Lin PH, et al. Fabrication ofAu–Pd core–shell heterostructures with systematic shape evolution using octahedral nanocrystal cores and their catalytic activity. JAmChem Soc, 2011, 133: 19993–20000
Wu HL, Kuo CH, Huang MH. Seed-mediated synthesis of gold nanocrystals with systematic shape evolution from cubic to trisoctahedral and rhombic dodecahedral structures. Langmuir, 2010, 26: 12307–12313
Yu Y, Zhang Q, Liu B, et al. Synthesis of nanocrystals with variable high-index Pd facets through the controlled heteroepitaxial growth of trisoctahedral Au templates. J Am Chem Soc, 2010, 132: 18258–18265
Jin M, Zhang H, Xie Z, et al. Palladium concave nanocubes with high-index facets and their enhanced catalytic properties. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2011, 50: 7850–7854
Li J, Zheng Y, Zeng J, et al. Controlling the size and morphology of Au@Pd core-shell nanocrystals by manipulating the kinetics of seeded growth. Chem Eur J, 2012, 18: 8150–8156
Sun Y. Controlled synthesis of colloidal silver nanoparticles in organic solutions: empirical rules for nucleation engineering. Chem Soc Rev, 2013, 42: 2497–2511
Kramer RM, Li C, Naik RR. Engineered protein cages for nanomaterial synthesis. J Am Chem Soc, 2004, 126: 13282–13286
Ling T, Wang JJ, Zhang H, et al. Freestanding ultrathin metallic nanosheets: materials, synthesis, and applications. Adv Mater, 2015, 27: 5396–5402
Zhang H, Jin M, Wang J, et al. Nanocrystals composed of alternating shells of Pd and Pt can be obtained by sequentially adding different precursors. J Am Chem Soc, 2011, 133: 10422–10425
Fan FR, Liu DY, Wu YF, et al. Epitaxial growth of heterogeneous metal nanocrystals: from gold nano-octahedra to palladium and silver nanocubes. J Am Chem Soc, 2008, 130: 6949–6951
Bauer E, van der Merwe JH. Structure and growth of crystalline superlattices: from monolayer to superlattice. Phys Rev B, 1986, 33: 3657–3671
Xie S, Peng HC, Lu N, et al. Confining the nucleation and overgrowth of Rh to the {111} facets of Pd nanocrystal seeds: the roles of capping agent and surface diffusion. J AmChem Soc, 2013, 135: 16658–16667
Xia X, Figueroa-Cosme L, Tao J, et al. Facile synthesis of iridium nanocrystals with well-controlled facets using seed-mediated growth. J Am Chem Soc, 2014, 136: 10878–10881
Lee H, Habas SE, Somorjai GA, et al. Localized Pd overgrowth on cubic Pt nanocrystals for enhanced electrocatalytic oxidation of formic acid. J Am Chem Soc, 2008, 130: 5406–5407
Wu Y, Cai S, Wang D, et al. Syntheses of water-soluble octahedral, truncated octahedral, and cubic Pt–Ni nanocrystals and their structure–activity study in model hydrogenation reactions. J Am Chem Soc, 2012, 134: 8975–8981
Habas SE, Lee H, Radmilovic V, et al. Shaping binary metal nanocrystals through epitaxial seeded growth. Nat Mater, 2007, 6: 692–697
Zhang J, Fang J. A general strategy for preparation of Pt 3d-transition metal (Co, Fe, Ni) nanocubes. J Am Chem Soc, 2009, 131: 18543–18547
Wu J, Yang H. Synthesis and electrocatalytic oxygen reduction properties of truncated octahedral Pt3Ni nanoparticles. Nano Res, 2011, 4: 72–82
Huo Z, Tsung C, Huang W, et al. Sub-two nanometer single crystal Au nanowires. Nano Lett, 2008, 8: 2041–2044
Jang K, Kim HJ, Son SU. Low-temperature synthesis of ultrathin rhodium nanoplates via molecular orbital symmetry interaction between rhodium precursors. Chem Mater, 2010, 22: 1273–1275
Mu R, Fu Q, Xu H, et al. Synergetic effect of surface and subsurface Ni species at Pt-Ni bimetallic catalysts for CO oxidation. J Am Chem Soc, 2011, 133: 1978–1986
Wang C, Chi M, Li D, et al. Design and synthesis of bimetallic electrocatalyst withmultilayered Pt-skin surfaces. J AmChem Soc, 2011, 133: 14396–14403
Chen C, Kang Y, Huo Z, et al. Highly crystalline multimetallic nanoframes with three-dimensional electrocatalytic surfaces. Science, 2014, 343: 1339–1343
Yu W, Porosoff MD, Chen JG. Review of Pt-based bimetallic catalysis: from model surfaces to supported catalysts. Chem Rev, 2012, 112: 5780–5817
Niu W, Zhang L, Xu G. Shape-controlled synthesis of single-crystalline palladium nanocrystals. ACS Nano, 2010, 4: 1987–1996
Wiley B, Herricks T, Sun Y, et al. Polyol synthesis of silver nanoparticles: use of chloride and oxygen to promote the formation of single-crystal, truncated cubes and tetrahedrons. Nano Lett, 2004, 4: 1733–1739
Seo D, Park JC, Song H. Polyhedral gold nanocrystals with Oh symmetry: from octahedra to cubes. J Am Chem Soc, 2006, 128: 14863–14870
Chen Y, Gu X, Nie CG, et al. Shape controlled growth of gold nanoparticles by a solution synthesis. Chem Commun, 2005, 4181
Chen J, Lim B, Lee EP, et al. Shape-controlled synthesis of platinum nanocrystals for catalytic and electrocatalytic applications. Nano Today, 2009, 4: 81–95
Lim SI, Ojea-Jiménez I, Varon M, et al. Synthesis of platinum cubes, polypods, cuboctahedrons, and raspberries assisted by cobalt nanocrystals. Nano Lett, 2010, 10: 964–973
Jin M, He G, Zhang H, et al. Shape-controlled synthesis of copper nanocrystals in an aqueous solution with glucose as a reducing agent and hexadecylamine as a capping agent. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2011, 50: 10560–10564
Zhang H, Li W, Jin M, et al. Controlling the morphology of rhodium nanocrystals by manipulating the growth kinetics with a syringe pump. Nano Lett, 2011, 11: 898–903
Dumestre F. Superlattices of iron nanocubes synthesized from Fe[N(SiMe3)2]3. Science, 2004, 303: 821–823
Seo D, Yoo CI, Chung IS, et al. Shape adjustment betweenmultiply twinned and single-crystalline polyhedral gold nanocrystals: decahedra, icosahedra, and truncated tetrahedra. J Phys Chem C, 2008, 112: 2469–2475
Chen S, Wang ZL, Ballato J, et al. Monopod, bipod, tripod, and tetrapod gold nanocrystals. J Am Chem Soc, 2003, 125: 16186–16187
Lacroix LM, Gatel C, Arenal R, et al. Tuning complex shapes in platinum nanoparticles: from cubic dendrites to fivefold stars. Angew Chem, 2012, 124: 4768–4772
Xiong Y, Cai H, Yin Y, et al. Synthesis and characterization of fivefold twinned nanorods and right bipyramids of palladium. Chem Phys Lett, 2007, 440: 273–278
Wiley BJ, Xiong Y, Li ZY, et al. Right bipyramids of silver: a new shape derived from single twinned seeds. Nano Lett, 2006, 6: 765–768
Gao Y, Jiang P, Song L, et al. Studies on silver nanodecahedrons synthesized by PVP-assisted N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) reduction. J Cryst Growth, 2006, 289: 376–380
Zhang W, Liu Y, Cao R, et al. Synergy between crystal strain and surface energy inmorphological evolution of five-fold-twinned silver crystals. J Am Chem Soc, 2008, 130: 15581–15588
Pietrobon B, McEachran M, Kitaev V. Synthesis of size-controlled faceted pentagonal silver nanorods with tunable plasmonic properties and self-assembly of these nanorods. ACSNano, 2009, 3: 21–26
Skrabalak SE, Xia Y. Pushing nanocrystal synthesis toward nanomanufacturing. ACS Nano, 2009, 3: 10–15
Choo H, He B, Liew KY, et al. Morphology and control of Pd nanoparticles. J Mol Catalysis A-Chem, 2006, 244: 217–228
Yang Y, Matsubara S, Xiong L, et al. Solvothermal synthesis ofmultiple shapes of silver nanoparticles and their SERS properties. J Phys Chem C, 2007, 111: 9095–9104
Washio I, Xiong Y, Yin Y, et al. Reduction by the end groups of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone): a new and versatile route to the kinetically controlled synthesis of Ag triangular nanoplates. AdvMater, 2006, 18: 1745–1749
Chu HC, Kuo CH, Huang MH. Thermal aqueous solution approach for the synthesis of triangular and hexagonal gold nanoplates with three different size ranges. Inorg Chem, 2006, 45: 808–813
Wang CY, Lu MY, Chen HC, et al. Single-crystalline Pb nanowires grown by galvanic displacement reactions of Pb ions on zinc foils and their superconducting properties. J Phys Chem C, 2007, 111: 6215–6219
Li H, Liao S. Synthesis of flower-like Co microcrystals composed of Co nanoplates in water/ethanol mixed solvent. J Phys D-Appl Phys, 2008, 41: 065004
Leng Y, Li Y, Li X, et al. Improvedmagnetic anisotropy ofmonodispersed triangular nickel nanoplates. J Phys Chem C, 2007, 111: 6630–6633
Zhang J, Yang H, Fang J, et al. Synthesis and oxygen reduction activity of shape-controlled Pt3Ni nanopolyhedra. Nano Lett, 2010, 10: 638–644
Wu J, Gross A, Yang H. Shape and composition-controlled platinum alloy nanocrystals using carbonmonoxide as reducing agent. Nano Lett, 2011, 11: 798–802
Yin AX, Min XQ, Zhang YW, et al. Shape-selective synthesis and facet-dependent enhanced electrocatalytic activity and durability of monodisperse sub-10 nm Pt-Pd tetrahedrons and cubes. J Am Chem Soc, 2011, 133: 3816–3819
Xu D, Liu Z, Yang H, et al. Solution-based evolution and enhanced methanol oxidation activity of monodisperse platinum-copper nanocubes. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2009, 48: 4217–4221
Wu J, Qi L, You H, et al. Icosahedral platinum alloy nanocrystals with enhanced electrocatalytic activities. J Am Chem Soc, 2012, 134: 11880–11883
Wang C, Hou Y, Kim J, et al. A general strategy for synthesizing FePt nanowires and nanorods. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2007, 46: 6333–6335
Liu Q, Yan Z, Henderson NL, et al. Synthesis of CuPt nanorod catalysts with tunable lengths. J AmChem Soc, 2009, 131: 5720–5721
Hong JW, Lee YW, Kim M, et al. One-pot synthesis and electrocatalytic activity of octapodal Au–Pd nanoparticles. Chem Commun, 2011, 47: 2553–2555
Chou SW, Zhu CL, Neeleshwar S, et al. Controlled growth and magnetic property of FePt nanostructure: cuboctahedron, octapod, truncated cube, and cube. Chem Mater, 2009, 21: 4955–4961
Wang L, Yamauchi Y. Controlled aqueous solution synthesis of platinum-palladium alloy nanodendrites with various compositions using amphiphilic triblock copolymers. Chem Asian J, 2010, 5: 2493–2498
Lee YW, Kim M, Kim Y, et al. Synthesis and electrocatalytic activity of Au-Pd alloy nanodendrites for ethanol oxidation. J Phys Chem C, 2010, 114: 7689–7693
Hong X, Wang D, Yu R, et al. Ultrathin Au–Ag bimetallic nanowires with Coulomb blockade effects. Chem Commun, 2011, 47: 5160–5162
Peng Z, You H, Yang H. Composition-dependent formation of platinum silver nanowires. ACS Nano, 2010, 4: 1501–1510
Zhang H, Jin M, Liu H, et al. Facile synthesis of Pd–Pt alloy nanocages and their enhanced performance for preferential oxidation of CO in excess hydrogen. ACS Nano, 2011, 5: 8212–8222
Yin AX, Min XQ, Zhu W, et al. Pt-Cu and Pt-Pd-Cu concave nanocubes with high-index facets and superior electrocatalytic activity. Chem Eur J, 2012, 18: 777–782
Phan DT, Uddin ASMI, Chung GS. A large detectable-range, high-response and fast-response resistivity hydrogen sensor based on Pt/Pd core–shell hybrid with graphene. Sensors Actuators B-Chem, 2015, 220: 962–967
Wang F, Sun LD, FengW, et al. Heteroepitaxial growth of core-shell and core-multishell nanocrystals composed of palladium and gold. Small, 2010, 6: 2566–2575
Bhattarai N, Prozorov T. In situ STEM investigation of shape-controlled synthesis of Au-Pd core-shell nanocubes. Microsc Microanal, 2015, 21: 951–952
Jin M, Zhang H, Wang J, et al. Copper can still be epitaxially deposited on palladium nanocrystals to generate core–shell nanocubes despite their large lattice mismatch. ACS Nano, 2012, 6: 2566–2573
Narula CK, Yang X, Li C, et al. A pathway for the growth of core–shell Pt–Pd nanoparticles. J Phys Chem C, 2015, 119: 25114–25121
Zhang P, Hu Y, Li B, et al. Kinetically stabilized Pd@Pt core–shell octahedral nanoparticles with thin Pt layers for enhanced catalytic hydrogenation performance. ACS Catal, 2015, 5: 1335–1343
Jiang M, Lim B, Tao J, et al. Epitaxial overgrowth of platinum on palladium nanocrystals. Nanoscale, 2010, 2: 2406–2411
Kobayashi H, Lim B, Wang J, et al. Seed-mediated synthesis of Pd–Rh bimetallic nanodendrites. Chem Phys Lett, 2010, 494: 249–254
Wang L, Yamauchi Y. Autoprogrammed synthesis of triple-layered Au@Pd@Pt core-shell nanoparticles consisting of a Au@Pd bimetallic core and nanoporous Pt shell. J Am Chem Soc, 2010, 132: 13636–13638
Wang F, Li C, Sun LD, et al. Heteroepitaxial growth of high-indexfaceted palladium nanoshells and their catalytic performance. J Am Chem Soc, 2011, 133: 1106–1111
Kim D, Lee YW, Lee SB, et al. Convex polyhedral Au@Pd core-shell nanocrystalswith high-index facets. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2012, 51: 159–163
Park K, Vaia RA. Synthesis of complex Au/Ag nanorods by controlled overgrowth. Adv Mater, 2008, 20: 3882–3886
Zhang H, Jin M, Wang J, et al. Synthesis of Pd-Pt bimetallic nanocrystals with a concave structure through a bromide-induced galvanic replacement reaction. J Am Chem Soc, 2011, 133: 6078–6089
Wu J, Li P, Pan YTF, et al. Surface lattice-engineered bimetallic nanoparticles and their catalytic properties. Chem Soc Rev, 2012, 41: 8066–8074
Liu H, Nosheen F, Wang X. Noble metal alloy complex nanostructures: controllable synthesis and their electrochemical property. Chem Soc Rev, 2015, 44: 3056–3078
Zhang H, Jin M, Xia Y. Enhancing the catalytic and electrocatalytic properties of Pt-based catalysts by forming bimetallic nanocrystals with Pd. Chem Soc Rev, 2012, 41: 8035–8049
Wang D, Li Y. Bimetallic nanocrystals: liquid-phase synthesis and catalytic applications. Adv Mater, 2011, 23: 1044–1060
Ferrando R, Jellinek J, Johnston RL. Nanoalloys: from theory to applications of alloy clusters and nanoparticles. Chem Rev, 2008, 108: 845–910
Wei Z, Sun J, Li Y, et al. Bimetallic catalysts for hydrogen generation. Chem Soc Rev, 2012, 41: 7994–8008
Sankar M, Dimitratos N, Miedziak PJ, et al. Designing bimetallic catalysts for a green and sustainable future. Chem Soc Rev, 2012, 41: 8099–8139
Zheng YR, Gao MR, Li HH, et al. Carbon-supported PtCo2Ni2 alloy with enhanced activity and stability for oxygen reduction. Sci China Mater, 2015, 58: 179–185
Wang X, Zhuang J, Peng Q, et al. A general strategy for nanocrystal synthesis. Nature, 2005, 437: 121–124
Li P, Peng Q, Li Y. Controlled synthesis and self-assembly of highly monodisperse Ag and Ag2S nanocrystals. Chem Eur J, 2011, 17: 941–946
Zhao Z, Zhou Z, Bao J, et al. Octapod iron oxide nanoparticles as high-performance T2 contrast agents formagnetic resonance imaging. Nat Commun, 2013, 4: 2266
Feng Q, Wang W, Cheong WC, et al. Synthesis of palladium and palladium sulfide nanocrystals via thermolysis of a Pd–thiolate cluster. Sci China Mater, 2015, 58: 936–943
Sun S. Recent advances in chemical synthesis, self-assembly, and applications of FePt nanoparticles. Adv Mater, 2006, 18: 393–403
Chen M, Liu JP, Sun S. One-step synthesis of FePt nanoparticles with tunable size. J Am Chem Soc, 2004, 126: 8394–8395
Chen M, Kim J, Liu JP, et al. Synthesis of FePt nanocubes and their oriented self-assembly. J Am Chem Soc, 2006, 128: 7132–7133
Robinson I, Zacchini S, Tung LD, et al. Synthesis and characterization of magnetic nanoalloys from bimetallic carbonyl clusters. Chem Mater, 2009, 21: 3021–3026
Cumberland SL, Hanif KM, Javier A, et al. Inorganic clusters as single-source precursors for preparation of CdSe, ZnSe, and CdSe/ZnS nanomaterials. Chem Mater, 2002, 14: 1576–1584
Larsen TH, Sigman M, Ghezelbash A, et al. Solventless synthesis of copper sulfide nanorods by thermolysis of a single source thiolatederived precursor. J Am Chem Soc, 2003, 125: 5638–5639
Sigman MB, Ghezelbash A, Hanrath T, et al. Solventless synthesis of monodisperse Cu2S nanorods, nanodisks, and nanoplatelets. J Am Chem Soc, 2003, 125: 16050–16057
Murray CB, Norris DJ, Bawendi MG. Synthesis and characterization of nearly monodisperse CdE (E = sulfur, selenium, tellurium) semiconductor nanocrystallites. J Am Chem Soc, 1993, 115: 8706–8715
Hines MA, Guyot-Sionnest P. Bright UV-blue luminescent colloidal ZnSe nanocrystals. J Phys Chem B, 1998, 102: 3655–3657
Norris DJ, Yao N, Charnock FT, et al. High-quality manganesedoped ZnSe nanocrystals. Nano Lett, 2001, 1: 3–7
Li LS, Pradhan N, Wang Y, et al. High quality ZnSe and ZnS nanocrystals formed by activating zinc carboxylate precursors. Nano Lett, 2004, 4: 2261–2264
Hines MA, Scholes GD. Colloidal PbS nanocrystals with size-tunable near-infrared emission: observation of post-synthesis self-narrowing of the particle size distribution. Adv Mater, 2003, 15: 1844–1849
Lipovskii A, Kolobkova E, Petrikov V, et al. Synthesis and characterization of PbSe quantum dots in phosphate glass. Appl Phys Lett, 1997, 71: 3406–3408
Pietryga JM, Schaller RD, Werder D, et al. Pushing the band gap envelope: mid-infrared emitting colloidal PbSe quantum dots. J Am Chem Soc, 2004, 126: 11752–11753
Urban JJ, Talapin DV, Shevchenko EV, et al. Self-assembly of PbTe quantum dots into nanocrystal superlattices and glassy films. J Am Chem Soc, 2006, 128: 3248–3255
Urban JJ, Talapin DV, Shevchenko EV, et al. Synergism in binary nanocrystal superlattices leads to enhanced p-type conductivity in self-assembled PbTe/Ag2Te thin films. NatMater, 2007, 6: 115–121
Zhuang Z, Lu X, Peng Q, et al. A facile “dispersion-decomposition” route to metal sulfide nanocrystals. Chem Eur J, 2011, 17: 10445–10452
Koch CC. Top-down synthesis of nanostructured materials: mechanical and thermal processing methods. Rev Adv Mater Sci, 2003, 5: 91–99
Cobley CM, Xia Y. Engineering the properties of metal nanostructures via galvanic replacement reactions. Mater Sci Eng-R-Rep, 2010, 70: 44–62
Fan HJ, Gösele U, Zacharias M. Formation of nanotubes and hollow nanoparticles based on kirkendall and diffusion processes: a review. Small, 2007, 3: 1660–1671
Lou XWD, Archer LA, Yang Z. Hollow micro-/nanostructures: synthesis and applications. Adv Mater, 2008, 20: 3987–4019
Sun Y. Shape-controlled synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles. Science, 2002, 298: 2176–2179
Yin Y. Formation of hollow nanocrystals through the nanoscale Kirkendall effect. Science, 2004, 304: 711–714
Métraux GS, Cao YC, Jin R, et al. Triangular nanoframes made of gold and silver. Nano Lett, 2003, 3: 519–522
Sun Y, Xia Y. Mechanistic study on the replacement reaction between silver nanostructures and chloroauric acid in aqueous medium. J Am Chem Soc, 2004, 126: 3892–3901
Skrabalak SE, Chen J, Sun Y, et al. Gold nanocages: synthesis, properties, and applications. Acc Chem Res, 2008, 41: 1587–1595
Macdonald JE, Bar Sadan M, Houben L, et al. Hybrid nanoscale inorganic cages. Nat Mater, 2010, 9: 810–815
Peng Z, You H, Wu J, et al. Electrochemical synthesis and catalytic property of sub-10 nmplatinumcubic nanoboxes. Nano Lett, 2010, 10: 1492–1496
Au L, Chen Y, Zhou F, et al. Synthesis and optical properties of cubic gold nanoframes. Nano Res, 2008, 1: 441–449
Peng S, Sun S. Synthesis and characterization ofmonodisperse hollow Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Angew Chem, 2007, 119: 4233–4236
Cabot A, Puntes VF, Shevchenko E, et al. Vacancy coalescence during oxidation of iron nanoparticles. J Am Chem Soc, 2007, 129: 10358–10360
Cabot A, Iba´n~ez M, Guardia P, et al. Reaction regimes on the synthesis of hollow particles by the Kirkendall effect. J Am Chem Soc, 2009, 131: 11326–11328
Chen J, Wiley B, McLellan J, et al. Optical properties of Pd-Ag and Pt-Ag nanoboxes synthesized via galvanic replacement reactions. Nano Lett, 2005, 5: 2058–2062
Wu X, Yu Y, Liu Y, et al. Synthesis of hollow CdxZn1-xSe nanoframes through the selective cation exchange of inorganic-organic hybrid ZnSe-amine nanoflakes with cadmium ions. Angew Chem, 2012, 124: 3265–3269
Kottmann JP, Martin OJF, Smith DR, et al. Plasmon resonances of silver nanowires with a nonregular cross section. Phys Rev B, 2001, 64: 235402
Moffatt WG. The Handbook of Binary Phase Diagrams. Amsterdam: Genium Pub Corp, 1976
Zhang Q, Cobley CM, Zeng J, et al. Dissolving Ag from Au-Ag alloy nanoboxes with H2O2: amethod for both tailoring the optical properties andmeasuring the H2O2 concentration. J Phys Chem C, 2010, 114: 6396–6400
Popa A, Samia AC. Effect of metal precursor on the growth and electrochemical sensing properties of Pt-Ag nanoboxes. Chem Comm, 2014, 55: 7295–7298
Chen J, Wiley B, Li ZY, et al. Gold nanocages: engineering their structure for biomedical applications. Adv Mater, 2005, 17: 2255–2261
Gonzalez E, Arbiol J, Puntes VF. Carving at the nanoscale: sequential galvanic exchange and kirkendall growth at roomtemperature. Science, 2011, 334: 1377–1380
Oh MH, Yu T, Yu SH, et al. Galvanic replacement reactions inmetal oxide nanocrystals. Science, 2013, 340: 964–968
Wang ZL, Ahmad TS, El-Sayed MA. Steps, ledges and kinks on the surfaces of platinum nanoparticles of different shapes. Surface Sci, 1997, 380: 302–310
Hong X, Wang D, Cai S, et al. Single-crystalline octahedral Au–Ag nanoframes. J Am Chem Soc, 2012, 134: 18165–18168
Fetisov VB, Kozhina GA, Ermakov AN, et al. Electrochemical dissolution of Mn3O4 in acid solutions. J Solid State Electrochem, 2007, 11: 1205–1210
Villinski JE, O'Day PA, Corley TL, et al. In situ spectroscopic and solution analyses of the reductive dissolution of MnO2 by Fe(II). Environ Sci Technol, 2001, 35: 1157–1163
Sun Y, Mayers B, Xia Y. Metal nanostructureswith hollowinteriors. Adv Mater, 2003, 15: 641–646
Sun Y, Tao Z, Chen J, et al. Ag nanowires coated with Ag/Pd alloy sheaths and their use as substrates for reversible absorption and desorption of hydrogen. J Am Chem Soc, 2004, 126: 5940–5941
Hu M, Petrova H, Chen J, et al. Ultrafast laser studies of the photothermal properties of gold nanocages. J Phys Chem B, 2006, 110: 1520–1524
Wan DH, Xia XH, Xia YN, et al. Robust synthesis of gold cubic nanoframes through a combination of galvanic replacement, gold deposition, and silver dealloying. Small, 2013, 9: 3111–3117
Cobley CM, Campbell DJ, Xia Y. Tailoring the optical and catalytic properties of gold-silver nanoboxes and nanocages by introducing palladium. Adv Mater, 2008, 20: 748–752
Sun Y, Wiley B, Li ZY, et al. Synthesis and optical properties of nanorattles and multiple-walled nanoshells/nanotubes made of metal alloys. J Am Chem Soc, 2004, 126: 9399–9406
Tan Q, Wang P, Liu H, et al. Hollow MOx-RuO2 (M = Co, Cu, Fe, Ni, CuNi) nanostructures as highly efficient electrodes for supercapacitors. Sci China Mater, 2016, 59: 323–336
Lieber CM, Hu J, Ouyang M, et al. Controlled growth and electrical properties of heterojunctions of carbon nanotubes and silicon nanowires. Nature, 1999, 399: 48–51
Xiang J, LuW, Hu Y, et al. Ge/Si nanowire heterostructures as highperformance field-effect transistors. Nature, 2006, 441: 489–493
Hsieh CH, Chou LJ, Lin GR, et al. Nanophotonic switch: gold-in-Ga2O3 peapod nanowires. Nano Lett, 2008, 8: 3081–3085
Tao F, Grass ME, Zhang Y, et al. Reaction-driven restructuring of Rh-Pd and Pt-Pd core-shell nanoparticles. Science, 2008, 322: 932–934
Elmalem E, Saunders AE, Costi R, et al. Growth of photocatalytic CdSe-Pt nanorods and nanonets. AdvMater, 2008, 20: 4312–4317
Teng X, Feygenson M, Wang Q, et al. Electronic and magnetic properties of ultrathin Au/Pt nanowires. Nano Lett, 2009, 9: 3177–3184
Wen CY, Reuter MC, Bruley J, et al. Formation of compositionally abrupt axial heterojunctions in silicon-germanium nanowires. Science, 2009, 326: 1247–1250
Oka K, Yanagida T, Nagashima K, et al. Resistive-switching memory effects of NiO nanowire/metal junctions. J Am Chem Soc, 2010, 132: 6634–6635
Kim KW, Kim SM, Choi S, et al. Electroless Pt deposition on Mn3O4 nanoparticles via the galvanic replacement process: electrocatalytic nanocomposite with enhanced performance for oxygen reduction reaction. ACS Nano, 2012, 6: 5122–5129
Xiong L, Li S, Zhang B, et al. Galvanic replacement-mediated synthesis of hollow Cu2O–Au nanocomposites and Au nanocages for catalytic and SERS applications. RSC Adv, 2015, 5: 76101–76106
Smith DJ, Petford-long AK, Wallenberg LR, et al. Dynamic atomiclevel rearrangements in small gold particles. Science, 1986, 233: 872–875
Wang Y, Xie S, Liu J, et al. Shape-controlled synthesis of palladium nanocrystals: a mechanistic understanding of the evolution from octahedrons to tetrahedrons. Nano Lett, 2013, 13: 2276–2281
Xiong Y, Xia Y. Shape-controlled synthesis of metal nanostructures: the case of palladium. Adv Mater, 2007, 19: 3385–3391
Xiong Y, Chen J, Wiley B, et al. Understanding the role of oxidative etching in the polyol synthesis of Pd nanoparticles with uniform shape and size. J Am Chem Soc, 2005, 127: 7332–7333
Cobley CM, Rycenga M, Zhou F, et al. Etching and growth: an intertwined pathway to silver nanocrystals with exotic shapes. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2009, 48: 4824–4827
Guo X, Zhang Q, Sun Y, et al. Lateral etching of core–shell Au@metal nanorods to metal-tipped Au nanorods with improved catalytic activity. ACS Nano, 2012, 6: 1165–1175
Huang CC, Hwu JR, Su WC, et al. Surfactant-assisted hollowing of Cu nanoparticles involving halide-induced corrosion–oxidation processes. Chem Eur J, 2006, 12: 3805–3810
Kisner A, Heggen M, Fernández E, et al. The role of oxidative etching in the synthesis of ultrathin single-crystalline Au nanowires. Chem Eur J, 2011, 17: 9503–9507
Xia X, Choi SI, Herron JA, et al. Facile synthesis of palladium right bipyramids and their use as seeds for overgrowth and as catalysts for formic acid oxidation. J Am Chem Soc, 2013, 135: 15706–15709
Xie S, Lu N, Xie Z, et al. Synthesis of Pd-Rh core-frame concave nanocubes and their conversion to Rh cubic nanoframes by selective etching of the Pd cores. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2012, 51: 10266–10270
Thurmer K. Autocatalytic oxidation of lead crystallite surfaces. Science, 2002, 297: 2033–2035
Ma L, Wang C, Gong M, et al. Control over the branched structures of platinum nanocrystals for electrocatalytic applications. ACS Nano, 2012, 6: 9797–9806
Im SH, Lee YT, Wiley B, et al. Large-scale synthesis of silver nanocubes: the role of HCl in promoting cube perfection and monodispersity. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2005, 117: 2192–2195
Wulff G. XXV. Zur Frage der Geschwindigkeit des Wachsthums und der Auflösung der Krystallflächen. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie-Crystal Mater, 1901, 34: 449–530
Marks LD. Experimental studies of small particle structures. Rep Prog Phys, 1994, 57: 603–649
Mettela G, Kulkarni GU. Facet selective etching of Au microcrystallites. Nano Res, 2015, 8: 2925–2934
Wu Y, Wang D, Niu Z, et al. A strategy for designing a concave Pt-Ni alloy through controllable chemical etching. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2012, 51: 12524–12528
Xiong Y, Wiley B, Chen J, et al. Corrosion-based synthesis of single-crystal Pd nanoboxes and nanocages and their surface plasmon properties. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2005, 44: 7913–7917
Lu X, Au L, McLellan J, et al. Fabrication of cubic nanocages and nanoframes by dealloying Au/Ag alloy nanoboxes with an aqueous etchant based on Fe(NO3)3 or NH4OH. Nano Lett, 2007, 7: 1764–1769
Li B, Long R, Zhong X, et al. Investigation of size-dependent plasmonic and catalytic properties of metallic nanocrystals enabled by size control with HCl oxidative etching. Small, 2012, 8: 1710–1716
Wiley BJ, Chen Y, McLellan JM, et al. Synthesis and optical properties of silver nanobars and nanorice. Nano Lett, 2007, 7: 1032–1036
Teng X, Han WQ, Ku W, et al. Synthesis of ultrathin palladium and platinum nanowires and a study of their magnetic properties. Angew Chem, 2008, 120: 2085–2088
Korte KE, Skrabalak SE, Xia Y. Rapid synthesis of silver nanowires through a CuCl-or CuCl2-mediated polyol process. J Mater Chem, 2008, 18: 437–441
Miszta K, Dorfs D, Genovese A, et al. Cation exchange reactions in colloidal branched nanocrystals. ACS Nano, 2011, 5: 7176–7183
Casavola M, van Huis MA, Bals S, et al. Anisotropic cation exchange in PbSe/CdSe core/shell nanocrystals of different geometry. Chem Mater, 2012, 24: 294–302
Son DH, Hughes SM, Yin YD, et al. Cation exchange rea ctions in ioni cnanocrys tals. Science, 2004, 306: 1009–1012
Mocatta D, Cohen G, Schattner J, et al. Heavily doped semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dots. Science, 2011, 332: 77–81
Chan EM, Marcus MA, Fakra S, et al. Millisecond kinetics of nanocrystal cation exchange using microfluidic X-ray absorption spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A, 2007, 111: 12210–12215
Plendl JN, Gielisse PJ. Atomistic expression of hardness. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 1963, 118: 404–421
Marcus Y. Thermodynamics of solvation of ions. Part 5.—Gibbs free energy of hydration at 298.15 K. J Chem Soc Faraday Trans, 1991, 87: 2995–2999
Wang F, Sun LD, Gu J, et al. Selective heteroepitaxial nanocrystal growth of rare earth fluorides on sodium chloride: synthesis and density functional calculations. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2012, 51: 8796–8799
Kim S, Fisher B, Eisler HJ, et al. Type-II quantum dots: CdTe/CdSe(core/shell) and CdSe/ZnTe(core/shell) heterostructures. J Am Chem Soc, 2003, 125: 11466–11467
Peng X, Schlamp MC, Kadavanich AV, et al. Epitaxial growth of highly luminescent CdSe/CdS core/shell nanocrystals with photostability and electronic accessibility. J Am Chem Soc, 1997, 119: 7019–7029
Sitt A, Sala FD, Menagen G, et al. Multiexciton engineering in seeded core/shell nanorods: transfer from type-I to quasi-type-II regimes. Nano Lett, 2009, 9: 3470–3476
Talapin DV, Nelson JH, Shevchenko EV, et al. Seeded growth of highly luminescent CdSe/CdS nanoheterostructures with rod and tetrapod morphologies. Nano Lett, 2007, 7: 2951–2959
Lambert K, Geyter BD, Moreels I, et al. PbTe CdTe core shell particles by cation exchange, a HR-TEM study. Chem Mater, 2009, 21: 778–780
Pietryga JM, Werder DJ, Williams DJ, et al. Utilizing the lability of lead selenide to produce heterostructured nanocrystalswith bright, stable infrared emission. J Am Chem Soc, 2008, 130: 4879–4885
Miszta K, de Graaf J, Bertoni G, et al. Hierarchical self-assembly of suspended branched colloidal nanocrystals into superlattice structures. Nat Mater, 2011, 10: 872–876
Sadtler B, Demchenko DO, Zheng H, et al. Selective facet reactivity during cation exchange in cadmium sulfide nanorods. J Am Chem Soc, 2009, 131: 5285–5293
Liu J, Zhao Y, Liu J, et al. From Cu2S nanocrystals to Cu doped CdS nanocrystals through cation exchange: controlled synthesis, optical properties and their p-type conductivity research. SciChina Mater, 2015, 58: 693–703
Luther JM, Zheng H, Sadtler B, et al. Synthesis of PbS nanorods and other ionic nanocrystals of complex morphology by sequential cation exchange reactions. J Am Chem Soc, 2009, 131: 16851–16857
Park J, Kim SW. CuInS2/ZnS core/shell quantum dots by cation exchange and their blue-shifted photoluminescence. J Mater Chem, 2011, 21: 3745
Mao B, Chuang CH, Lu F, et al. Study of the partialAg-to-Zn cation exchange in AgInS2/ZnS nanocrystals. J Phys Chem C, 2013, 117: 648–656
Zhang B, Jung Y, Chung HS, et al. Nanowire transformation by size-dependent cation exchange reactions. Nano Lett, 2010, 10: 149–155
Li X, Zhang G, Bai X, et al. Highly conducting graphene sheets and Langmuir–Blodgett films. Nat Nanotech, 2008, 3: 538–542
Novoselov KS. Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films. Science, 2004, 306: 666–669
Novoselov KS, Jiang D, Schedin F, et al. Two-dimensional atomic crystals. Proc Natl Acad Scis, 2005, 102: 10451–10453
Berger C. Electronic confinement and coherence in patterned epitaxial graphene. Science, 2006, 312: 1191–1196
Berger C, Song Z, Li T, et al. Ultrathin epitaxial graphite: 2D electron gas properties and a route toward graphene-based nanoelectronics. J Phys Chem B, 2004, 108: 19912–19916
Greinke RA, Reyolds III RA. Expandable graphite and method, United States Patent Application, 2002
Hernandez Y, Nicolosi V, Lotya M, et al. High-yield production of graphene by liquid-phase exfoliation of graphite. Nat Nanotech, 2008, 3: 563–568
Zeng Z, Yin Z, Huang X, et al. Single-layer semiconducting nanosheets: high-yield preparation and device fabrication. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2011, 50: 11093–11097
Coleman JN, Lotya M, O'Neill A, et al. Two-dimensional nanosheets produced by liquid exfoliation of layered materials. Science, 2011, 331: 568–571
Eswaraiah V, Jyothirmayee Aravind SS, Ramaprabhu S. Top down method for synthesis of highly conducting graphene by exfoliation of graphite oxide using focused solar radiation. J Mater Chem, 2011, 21: 6800–6803
Zeng Z, Sun T, Zhu J, et al. An effective method for the fabrication of few-layer-thick inorganic nanosheets. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2012, 51: 9052–9056
Adachi-Pagano M, Forano C, Besse JP. Delamination of layered double hydroxides by use of surfactants. Chem Commun, 2000, 91–92
O’Leary S, O’Hare D, Seeley G. Delamination of layered double hydroxides in polar monomers: new LDH-acrylate nanocompositesElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: TEM image of Mg2Al(Cl) showing the layered structure. Chem Commun, 2002, 1506–1507
Jobbágy M, Regazzoni AE. Delamination and restacking of hybrid layered double hydroxides assessed by in situ XRD. J Colloid Interface Sci, 2004, 275: 345–348
Ma R, Liu Z, Li L, et al. Exfoliating layered double hydroxides in formamide: a method to obtain positively charged nanosheets. J Mater Chem, 2006, 16: 3809–3813
Liu Z, Ma R, Osada M, et al. Synthesis, anion exchange, and delamination of Co-Al layered double hydroxide: assembly of the exfoliated nanosheet/polyanion composite films and magneto-optical studies. J Am Chem Soc, 2006, 128: 4872–4880
Li L, Ma R, Ebina Y, et al. Positively charged nanosheets derived via total delamination of layered double hydroxides. Chem Mater, 2005, 17: 4386–4391
Zhang J, Sasaki K, Sutter E, et al. Stabilization of platinum oxygenreduction electrocatalysts using gold clusters. Science, 2007, 315: 220–222
Li G, Kobayashi H, Taylor JM, et al. Hydrogen storage in Pd nanocrystals covered with a metal–organic framework. NatMater, 2014, 13: 802–806
Kuo CH, Tang Y, Chou LY, et al. Yolk–shell nanocrystal@ZIF-8 nanostructures for gas-phase heterogeneous catalysis with selectivity control. J Am Chem Soc, 2012, 134: 14345–14348
Fu Q, Li WX, Yao Y, et al. Interface-confined ferrous centers for catalytic oxidation. Science, 2010, 328: 1141–1144
Chen G, Xu C, Huang X, et al. Interfacial electronic effects control the reaction selectivity of platinum catalysts. Nat Mater, 2016, 15: 564–569
Kim F, Connor S, Song H, et al. Platonic gold nanocrystals. Angew Chem, 2004, 116: 3759–3763
Li C, Fan F, Yin B, et al. Au+-cetyltrimethylammonium bromide solution: a novel precursor for seed-mediated growth of gold nanoparticles in aqueous solution. Nano Res, 2013, 6: 29–37
Lim B, Jiang M, Yu T, et al. Nucleation and growth mechanisms for Pd-Pt bimetallic nanodendrites and their electrocatalytic properties. Nano Res, 2010, 3: 69–80
Johnson NJJ, van Veggel FCJM. Sodium lanthanide fluoride coreshell nanocrystals: a general perspective on epitaxial shell growth. Nano Res, 2013, 6: 547–561
Zhao Y, de la Mata M, Qiu RLJ, et al. Te-seeded growth of fewquintuple layer Bi2Te3 nanoplates. Nano Res, 2014, 7: 1243–1253
Hillerich K, Dick KA, Messing ME, et al. Simultaneous growth mechanisms for Cu-seeded InP nanowires. Nano Res, 2012, 5: 297–306
Li C, Wei R, Xu Y, et al. Synthesis of hexagonal and triangular Fe3O4 nanosheets via seed-mediated solvothermal growth. Nano Res, 2014, 7: 536–543
Gole A, Murphy CJ. seed-mediated synthesis of gold nanorods: role of the size and nature of the seed. Chem Mater, 2004, 16: 3633–3640
Yan H, Cheng H, Yi H, et al. Single-atom Pd1/graphene catalyst achieved by atomic layer deposition: remarkable performance in selective hydrogenation of 1, 3-butadiene. J Am Chem Soc, 2015, 137: 10484–10487
Whitesides GM. Self-assembly at all scales. Science, 2002, 295: 2418–2421
Bishop KJM, Wilmer CE, Soh S, et al. Nanoscale forces and their uses in self-assembly. Small, 2009, 5: 1600–1630
Grzelczak M, Vermant J, Furst EM, et al. Directed self-assembly of nanoparticles. ACS Nano, 2010, 4: 3591–3605
Min Y, Akbulut M, Kristiansen K, et al. The role of interparticle and external forces in nanoparticle assembly. Nat Mater, 2008, 7: 527–538
Wu S, AngCY, Luo Z, et al. Byproduct-induced in-situ formation of gold colloidal superparticles. Sci China Mater, 2015, 58: 860–866
Wang C, Siu C, Zhang J, et al. Understanding the forces acting in self-assembly and the implications for constructing three-dimensional (3D) supercrystals. Nano Res, 2015, 8: 2445–2466
Ozin GA, Arsenault A, Cademartiri L. Nanochemistry: A Chemical Approach to Nanomaterials. London: RSC Publishing, 2009
Cademartiri L, Ozin GA. Concepts ofNanochemistry. Berlin: John Wiley & Sons, 2009
Murray CB, Kagan CR, Bawendi MG. Self-organization of CdSe nanocrystallites into three-dimensional quantum dot superlattices. Science, 1995, 270: 1335–1338
Redl FX, Cho KS, Murray CB, et al. Three-dimensional binary superlattices of magnetic nanocrystals and semiconductor quantum dots. Nature, 2003, 423: 968–971
Shevchenko EV, Talapin DV, Kotov NA, et al. Structural diversity in binary nanoparticle superlattices. Nature, 2006, 439: 55–59
Talapin DV, Shevchenko EV, Bodnarchuk MI, et al. Quasicrystalline order in self-assembled binary nanoparticle superlattices. Nature, 2009, 461: 964–967
Bai F, Wang D, Huo Z, et al. A versatile bottom-up assembly approach to colloidal spheres from nanocrystals. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2007, 46: 6650–6653
Wang P, Yu Q, Long Y, et al. Multivalent assembly of ultrasmall nanoparticles: one-, two-, and three-dimensional architectures of 2 nm gold nanoparticles. Nano Res, 2012, 5: 283–291
Hong X, Tan C, Liu J, et al. AuAg nanosheets assembled from ultrathin AuAg nanowires. J Am Chem Soc, 2015, 137: 1444–1447
Sun X, Zhu X, Zhang N, et al. Controlling and self assembling of monodisperse platinum nanocubes as efficientmethanol oxidation electrocatalysts. Chem Commun, 2015, 51: 3529–3532
Zhang H, Wang D. Controlling the growth of charged-nanoparticle chains through interparticle electrostatic repulsion. Angew Chem, 2008, 120: 4048–4051
Hu C, Lin K, Wang X, et al. Electrostatic self-assembling formation of Pd superlattice nanowires from surfactant-free ultrathin Pd nanosheets. J Am Chem Soc, 2014, 136: 12856–12859
Fu G, Zhang Q, Wu J, et al. Arginine-mediated synthesis of cubelike platinum nanoassemblies as efficient electrocatalysts. Nano Res, 2015, 8: 3963–3971
Tan C, Qi X, Liu Z, et al. Self-assembled chiral nanofibers from ultrathin low-dimensional nanomaterials. J Am Chem Soc, 2015, 137: 1565–1571
Fu Q, Ran G, Xu W. Direct self-assembly of CTAB-capped Au nanotriangles. Nano Res, 2016
Zhang SY, Regulacio MD, Han MY. Self-assembly of colloidal onedimensional nanocrystals. Chem Soc Rev, 2014, 43: 2301–2323
Wang T, Zhuang J, Lynch J, et al. Self-assembled colloidal superparticles from nanorods. Science, 2012, 338: 358–363
Macfarlane RJ, Lee B, Jones MR, et al. Nanoparticle superlattice engineering with DNA. Science, 2011, 334: 204–208
Biancaniello PL, Kim AJ, Crocker JC. Colloidal interactions and self-assembly using DNA hybridization. Phys Rev Lett, 2005, 94: 058302
Nykypanchuk D, Maye MM, van der Lelie D, et al. DNA-guided crystallization of colloidal nanoparticles. Nature, 2008, 451: 549–552
Park SY, Lytton-Jean AKR, Lee B, et al. DNA-programmable nanoparticle crystallization. Nature, 2008, 451: 553–556
Leunissen ME, Christova CG, Hynninen AP, et al. Ionic colloidal crystals of oppositely charged particles. Nature, 2005, 437: 235–240
Feng L, Dreyfus R, Sha R, et al. DNA patchy particles. Adv Mater, 2013, 25: 2779–2783
Yan W, Xu L, Xu C, et al. Self-assembly of chiral nanoparticle pyramids with strong R/S optical activity. J Am Chem Soc, 2012, 134: 15114–15121
Wang Y, Wang Y, Breed DR, et al. Colloidswith valence and specific directional bonding. Nature, 2012, 491: 51–55
Chen Q, Whitmer JK, Jiang S, et al. Supracolloidal reaction kinetics of janus spheres. Science, 2011, 331: 199–202
Nie Z, Fava D, Kumacheva E, et al. Self-assembly ofmetal–polymer analogues of amphiphilic triblock copolymers. Nat Mater, 2007, 6: 609–614
Liu K, Nie Z, Zhao N, et al. Step-growth polymerization of inorganic nanoparticles. Science, 2010, 329: 197–200
Cademartiri L, Bishop KJM. Programmable self-assembly. Nat Mater, 2014, 14: 2–9
Quan Z, Fang J. Superlattices with non-spherical building blocks. Nano Today, 2010, 5: 390–411
Li F, Josephson DP, Stein A. Colloidal assembly: the road fromparticles to colloidal molecules and crystals. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2011, 50: 360–388
Ciszek JW, Huang L, Tsonchev S, et al. Assembly of nanorods into designer superstructures: the role of templating, capillary forces, adhesion, and polymer hydration. ACS Nano, 2010, 4: 259–266
Stebe KJ, Lewandowski E, Ghosh M. Oriented assembly of metamaterials. Science, 2009, 325: 159–160
Evers WH, Nijs BD, Filion L, et al. Entropy-driven formation of binary semiconductor-nanocrystal superlattices. Nano Lett, 2010, 10: 4235–4241
Bodnarchuk MI, Kovalenko MV, Heiss W, et al. Energetic and entropic contributions to self-assembly of binary nanocrystal superlattices: temperature as the structure-directing factor. J Am Chem Soc, 2010, 132: 11967–11977
Blaak R, Mulder BM, Frenkel D. Cubatic phase for tetrapods. J Chem Phys, 2004, 120: 5486–5492
Parviz BA, Ryan D, Whitesides GM. Using self-assembly for the fabrication of nano-scale electronic and photonic devices. IEEE Trans Adv Packag, 2003, 26: 233–241
Pileni MP. Nanocrystal self-assemblies: fabrication and collective properties. J Phys Chem B, 2001, 105: 3358–3371
Palmer LC, Stupp SI. Molecular self-assembly into one-dimensional nanostructures. Acc Chem Res, 2008, 41: 1674–1684
Vos WL, Sprik R, van Blaaderen A, et al. Strong effects of photonic band structures on the diffraction of colloidal crystals. Phys Rev B, 1996, 53: 16231–16235
Li J, Huang W, Wang Z, et al. A reversibly tunable colloidal photonic crystal via the infiltrated solvent liquid–solid phase transition. Colloid Surf A-Physicochem Eng Asp, 2007, 293: 130–134
Shimoda Y, Ozaki M, Yoshino K. Electric field tuning of a stop band in a reflection spectrum of synthetic opal infiltrated with nematic liquid crystal. Appl Phys Lett, 2001, 79: 3627–3629
Kim H, Ge J, Kim J, et al. Structural colour printing using a magnetically tunable and lithographically fixable photonic crystal. Nat Photon, 2009, 3: 534–540
Jiao Y, Han D, Liu L, et al. Highly ordered mesoporous few-layer graphene frameworks enabled by Fe3O4 nanocrystal superlattices. Angew Chem, 2015, 127: 5819–5823
Chen W, Yu R, Li L, et al. A seed-based diffusion route tomonodisperse intermetallic CuAu nanocrystals. Angew Chim, 2010, 122: 2979–2983
Wang D, Li Y. One-pot protocol for Au-based hybrid magnetic nanostructures via a noble-metal-induced reduction process. J Am Chem Soc, 2010, 132: 6280–6281
Yu R, Chen W, Cheng ZY, et al. Multishell intermetallic onions by symmetrical configuration of ordered domains. Phys Rev Lett, 2010, 105: 225501
Carenco S, Portehault D, Boissière C, et al. Nanoscaled metal borides and phosphides: recent developments and perspectives. Chem Rev, 2013, 113: 7981–8065
Wang D, Li Y. Controllable synthesis of Cu-based nanocrystals in ODA solvent. Chem Commun, 2011, 47: 3604–3606
Jia X, Zhao Y, Chen G, et al. Ni3FeN znanoparticles derived from ultrathin NiFe-layered double hydroxide nanosheets: an efficient overall water splitting electrocatalyst. Adv Energy Mater, 2016, 6: 1502585
Bi W, Hu Z, Li X, et al. Metallic mesocrystal nanosheets of vanadium nitride for high-performance all-solid-state pseudocapacitors. Nano Res, 2015, 8: 193–200
Xu K, Chen P, Li X, et al. Metallic nickel nitride nanosheets realizing enhanced electrochemical water oxidation. J Am Chem Soc, 2015, 137: 4119–4125
Lee BS, Yi M, Chu SY, et al. Copper nitride nanoparticles supported on a superparamagneticmesoporousmicrosphere for toxicfree click chemistry. Chem Commun, 2010, 46: 3935–3937
Tian J, Liu Q, Asiri AM, et al. Self-supported nanoporous cobalt phosphide nanowire arrays: an efficient 3D hydrogen-evolving cathode over the wide range of pH 0–14. J Am Chem Soc, 2014, 136: 7587–7590
Jiang K, Xu K, Zou S, et al. B-doped Pd catalyst: boosting roomtemperature hydrogen production from formic acid–formate solutions. J Am Chem Soc, 2014, 136: 4861–4864
Popczun EJ, Read CG, Roske CW, et al. Highly active electrocatalysis of the hydrogen evolution reaction by cobalt phosphide nanoparticles. Angew Chem, 2014, 126: 5531–5534
Niu Z, Wang D, Yu R, et al. Highly branched Pt–Ni nanocrystals enclosed by stepped surface for methanol oxidation. Chem Sci, 2012, 3: 1925
Sun Y, Xia Y. Alloying and dealloying processes involved in the preparation ofmetal nanoshells through a galvanic replacement reaction. Nano Lett, 2003, 3: 1569–1572
Wittstock A, Zielasek V, Biener J, et al. Nanoporous gold catalysts for selective gas-phase oxidative coupling of methanol at low temperature. Science, 2010, 327: 319–322
Cui C, Gan L, Heggen M, et al. Compositional segregation in shaped Pt alloy nanoparticles and their structural behaviour during electrocatalysis. Nat Mater, 2013, 12: 765–771
Matanović I, Garzon FH, Henson NJ. Theoretical study of electrochemical processes on Pt–Ni alloys. J Phys Chem C, 2011, 115: 10640–10650
Shui J, Chen C, Li JCM. Evolution of nanoporous Pt-Fe alloy nanowires by dealloying and their catalytic property for oxygen reduction reaction. Adv Funct Mater, 2011, 21: 3357–3362
Wu Y, Wang D, Zhou G, et al. Sophisticated construction of Au islands on Pt–Ni: an ideal trimetallic nanoframe catalyst. J Am Chem Soc, 2014, 136: 11594–11597
Blonder GE. Simple model for etching. Phys Rev B, 1986, 33: 6157–6168
Ren F, Wang Z, Luo L, et al. Utilization of active Ni to fabricate Pt-Ni nanoframe/NiAl layered double hydroxide multifunctional catalyst through in situ precipitation. Chem Eur J, 2015, 21: 13181–13185
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (WK2060190043 and WK2060190053), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21521091, 21131004, 21390393, U1463202 and 21522107).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Yuen Wu received his BSc and PhD degrees from the Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University in 2009 and 2014, respectively. He is currently a professor in the Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China. His research interests are focused on the synthesis, assembly, characterization and application exploration of functional nanomaterials.
Dingsheng Wang received his BSc degree fromthe Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Science and Technology of China in 2004, and his PhD degree from the Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University in 2009, under the supervision of Prof. Yadong Li. He did his postdoctoral research at the Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, with Prof. Shoushan Fan. He joined the faculty of the Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University in 2012.
Yadong Li received his BSc degree from the Department of Chemistry, Anhui Normal University in 1986 and his PhD degree from the Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China in 1998, under the supervision of Prof. Yitai Qian. He joined the faculty of the Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University in 1999 as a full professor. His research interests are focused on the synthesis, assembly, structure and application exploration of nanomaterials.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wu, Y., Wang, D. & Li, Y. Understanding of the major reactions in solution synthesis of functional nanomaterials. Sci. China Mater. 59, 938–996 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-016-5112-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-016-5112-0