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Effect of long-term thermal challenge on the Antarctic notothenioid Notothenia rossii

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Abstract

The thermal stability of the Antarctic Ocean raises questions concerning the metabolic plasticity of Antarctic notothenioids to changes in the environmental temperature. In this study, Notothenia rossii survived 90 days at 8 °C, and their condition factor level was maintained. However, their hepatosomatic (0.29×) index decreased, indicating a decrease in nutrient storage as a result of changes in the energy demands to support survival. At 8 °C, the plasma calcium, magnesium, cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations decreased, whereas the glucose (1.91×) and albumin (1.26×) concentrations increased. The main energy substrate of the fish changed from lipids to glucose due to a marked increase in lactate dehydrogenase activity, as demonstrated by an increase in anaerobic metabolism. Moreover, malate dehydrogenase activity increased in all tissues, suggesting that fish acclimated at 8 °C exhibit enhanced gluconeogenesis. The aerobic demand increased only in the liver due to an increase (2.23×) in citrate synthase activity. Decreases in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione-S-transferase to levels that are most likely sufficient at 8 °C were observed, establishing a new physiological activity range for antioxidant defense. Our findings indicate that N. rossii has some compensatory mechanisms that enabled its long-term survival at 8 °C.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Professor Tatiana Herrerias for her helpful suggestions to improve the manuscript. We are grateful to the following organizations for their support: the Brazilian Ministry of Environment (MMA), the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MCTI), the National Council for the Development of Scientific and Technological Research (CNPq), the Brazilian Federal Agency for Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education (CAPES), and the Secretariat of the Commission for the Resources of the Sea (SeCIRM). The authors would like to extend special acknowledgments to Dr. Edith Susana Elisabeth Fanta (in memoriam), coordinator of the project Evolution and Biodiversity in Antarctica: the response of life to changes (Evolução e Biodiversidade na Antártica: A resposta da vida às mudanças-EBA) and to Dr. Yocie Yoneshigue Valentin, coordinator of the National Institute for Science and Technology-Antarctic Environmental Research (Instituto Nacional de Ciência Antártica e Tecnologia Antártico de Pesquisas Ambientais-INCT-APA), for the help and support provided during the present study.

Funding

The study was funded by CAPES, CNPq, and FAPERJ through projects PNPD (CAPES process Auxpe N. 2443/2011), EBA (MCTI/CNPq Process N. 52.0125/2008-8, International Polar Year), research productivity granted to L. Donatti (CNPq Process N. 305562/2009-6 and 305969/2012-9), and INCT-APA (CNPq Process N. 574018/2008-5 and FAPERJ E-26/170.023/2008).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Adaptive Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil

    Priscila Krebsbach Kandalski, Tania Zaleski, Mariana Forgati, Flávia Baduy, Danilo Santos Eugênio, Cintia Machado, Maria Rosa Dmengeon Pedreiro de Souza, Cláudio Adriano Piechnik & Lucélia Donatti

  2. Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, CCMar, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal

    Flávia Baduy

  3. Fish Reproduction and Community Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil

    Luís Fernando Fávaro

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  1. Priscila Krebsbach Kandalski
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Correspondence to Lucélia Donatti.

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Research involving in animal rights

All work on fishes was performed according to the ethical guidelines of Brazilian law. The Brazilian Ministry of Environment (MMA) awarded the appropriate environmental licenses, and this study was approved by the Ethics Committee on Animal Experimentation of the Federal University of Paraná (CEUA-UFPR) under number 496.

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Kandalski, P.K., Zaleski, T., Forgati, M. et al. Effect of long-term thermal challenge on the Antarctic notothenioid Notothenia rossii. Fish Physiol Biochem 45, 1445–1461 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-019-00660-3

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