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Influence of Diverse Urban Pressures on Water Characteristics in a Small Eastern Mediterranean Watershed

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Abstract

This work focuses on the characterization of a typical coastal karst watershed by addressing its physico-chemical parameters. The concentrations of the main ions clearly indicate the dominance of Ca2+ and HCO3− with a carbonate weathering rate equivalent to 230t/Km2/year; that is a typical weathering of karst watersheds. The spatio-temporal variability of dissolved organic matter (DOM) is also assessed in the watershed. Many samples were collected under different hydrological conditions from three representative sites. The evolution of OM composition along an urbanization gradient from upstream to downstream Kadisha watershed reveals the very strong impact of urban discharges on the receiving waters. Substantial differences in DOC results are highlighted in relation to the urban or natural origin of the DOM. Upstream OM flux is quantified and compared to downstream OM flux showing that, during the low flow period, the downstream flux is 29 times higher than the upstream. Also, a large fraction of non-humic substances, including hydrophilic organic matter HPI, is detected in the downstream section impacted by urban discharges. The higher values of SUVA noticed for DOM at upstream compared to downstream, reflects the low aromaticity and non-humic character of DOM in downstream. These outcomes show the impact of the Tripoli urban discharges on the quality and quantity of OM in the receiving waters downstream of the Kadisha catchment. This is typical at low water period when the dilution factor of urban discharges in the receiving waters is the least.

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All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article (and its supplementary information file).

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Acknowledgements

This work was financed by the research grant programs of the Lebanese University (le projet est soutenu par le programme de subvention de la recherche scientifique à l’Université Libanaise). The funding source was not involved in the study design, writing of the report, and decision to submit the article for publication. We thank the research assistants of the Research and Analysis Platform for Environmental Sciences (PRASE).

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  1. E. Maatouk and Z. Matar have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research and Analysis Platform for Environmental Sciences (PRASE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology (EDST), The Lebanese University, P.O. 5, Rafic Hariri Campus, Hadat, Lebanon

    E. Maatouk, A. El Samrani, V. Kazpard & Z. Matar

  2. Department of Earth and Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, The Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon

    E. Maatouk, A. El Samrani, R. Sawan, R. Bou Ghosn Salameh, V. Kazpard & Z. Matar

  3. Laboratory of Georessources, Geosciences and Environment (L2GE), Faculty of Sciences, The Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon

    E. Maatouk, A. El Samrani, V. Kazpard & Z. Matar

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Maatouk, E., Samrani, A.E., Sawan, R. et al. Influence of Diverse Urban Pressures on Water Characteristics in a Small Eastern Mediterranean Watershed. Aquat Geochem 28, 111–133 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10498-022-09405-w

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