Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Impact of industrial hotspots on Tamla nala and Nunia nala confluence – a tributary of the Damodar river

  • Research
  • Published:
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Clean water is essential for drinking, household use, and agriculture. Researchers studied 39 sites near Tamla nala and Nunia nala channels in Durgapur and Asansol City (West Bengal) to assess the deterioration level of water due to industrial discharge. During the first phase out of three, the researchers conducted a spatial representation of various physicochemical parameters, such as temperature, pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Hardness (TH), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), significant anions such as chloride (Cl−), nitrate (NO3−), phosphate (PO4−3), sulfate (SO42−), cyanide (CN−1) and fluoride (F−), as well as heavy metals/metalloids such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), mercury (Hg) and arsenic (As). As observed the parameters at various sites along the stream exceeded threshold limits majorly due to industrial discharge: highest pH, TDS, TH, EC, Cl−, SO42− at site 26; Fe at site 1, TSS, COD, CN− at site 33, 31, 2 respectively; Cd, Ni, Cu at site 19; Hg and Pb at site 3 and As at site 20. Contaminated areas were marked in red and secure areas in green. Additionally, the HMPI (Heavy metal pollution index) was estimated for eight locations to understand the impact of heavy metal pollution in the second phase of the study. An extremely high HMPI indicates heightened toxicity and health risks for both residents and outsiders. The Canadian Water Quality Index (1.0) was calculated for eight sites in the third phase based on seventeen parameters. The resulting WQI value was below 44, indicating poor water quality at the sites. Due to the poor quality and critical heavy metal toxicity, the authors recommended continuous monitoring, strict regulation enforcement, increased treatment capacity, Zero Liquid Discharge implementation, and raising awareness among residents.

Graphical Abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

Yes.

References:

  • Alidadi, H., Ramezani, A., Davodi, M., Peiravi, R., Paydar, M., Dolatabadi, M., & Rafe, S. (2015). Determination of total arsenic in water resources: a case study of Rivash in Kashmar City. Health Scope, 4(3). https://doi.org/10.17795/jhealthscope-25424

  • APHA [American Public Health Association]. (2017). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. In R. B. Baird, A. D. Eaton, E. W. Rice, & L. S. Clesceri (Eds.), American Water Works Association (AWWA) and Water Environment Federation (WEF) (23rd ed.). Washington, D.C, USA. https://www.scirp.org/reference/referencespapers?referenceid=2459667

  • Banerjee, U. S., & Gupta, S. (2013). Impact of industrial waste effluents on river Damodar adjacent to Durgapur industrial complex, West Bengal, India. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 185, 2083–2094. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-012-2690-1

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bhattacharjee, S., Dutta, T., & Bhattacharjee, C. (2016). Removal of arsenic from contaminated water by coagulation followed by polyelectrolyte enhanced ultrafiltration. Desalination and Water Treatment, 57(21), 9756–9764. https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2015.1031711

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME). (2001). Canadian water quality guidelines for the protection of aquatic life: CCME Water Quality Index 1.0, User’s Manual. In Canadian environmental quality guidelines, 1999, Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, Winnipeg. https://prrd.bc.ca/wp-content/uploads/post/prrd-water-quality-database-and-analysis/WQI-Users-Manual-en.pdf

  • De, A. K., Sen, A. K., & Modak, D. P. (1980). Some industrial effluents in Durgapur and their impact on the Damodar River. Environment International, 4(2), 101–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-4120(80)90004-5

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • De, A. K., Sen, A. K., Karim, M. R., Irgolic, K. J., Chakraborty, D., & Stockton, R. A. (1985). Pollution profile of damodar river sediment in Raniganj-Durgapur industrial belt, West Bengal, India. Environment International, 11(5), 453–458. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-4120(85)90228-4

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dutta, T., Chaudhuri, H., & Maji, C. (2021). Water Pollution in Damodar River Basin—A Statistical Analysis. In Advances in Water Resources Management for Sustainable Use (pp. 187–215). Singapore: Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6412-7_15

  • ENVIS Centre on Control of Pollution Water, Air and Noise, Hosted by Central Pollution Control Board, Sponsored by Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt of India. http://www.cpcbenvis.nic.in/water_quality_data.html (accessed on 10.01.2024).

  • Eslami, H., Heidari, F. A., Salari, M., Esmaeili, A., Hosseini, A. N., & Dolatabadi, M. (2022). Investigation of Corrosion and Scaling Potential in Drinking Water in Rafsanjan, Iran. Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development. https://doi.org/10.18502/jehsd.v7i2.9786

  • Ghaderpoori, M., Dehghani, M. H., Fazlzadeh, M., & Zarei, A. (2009). Survey of microbial quality of drinking water in rural areas of Saqqez, Iran. American-Eurasian Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, 5(5), 627–632.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta, S., Nayek, S., Saha, R. N., & Satpati, S. (2008). Assessment of heavy metal accumulation in macrophyte, agricultural soil, and crop plants adjacent to discharge zone of sponge iron factory. Environmental Geology, 55, 731–739. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-007-1025-y

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta, S., Satpati, S., Saha, R. N., & Nayek, S. (2013). Assessment of spatial and temporal variation of pollutants along a natural channel receiving industrial wastewater. International Journal of Environmental Engineering, 5(1), 52–69. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEE.2013.050893

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Igwe, J. C., & Abia, A. A. (2003). Maize cob and husk as adsorbents for the removal of heavy metals from waste water. Phys. Scientist, 2, 83–92.

    Google Scholar 

  • James, O. O., Nwaeze, K., Mesagan, E., Agbojo, M., Saka, K. L., & Olabanji, D. J. (2013). Concentration of heavy metals in five pharmaceutical effluents in Ogun State, Nigeria. Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology and Life Sciences, 2(8), 84–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kostrzewski, M. S. (2006). National organization of rare disorders (NORD) web site. Journal of Consumer Health on the Internet, 10(1), 77–87. https://doi.org/10.1300/J381v10n01_06

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar, A., Matta, G., & Bhatnagar, S. (2021). A coherent approach of water quality indices and multivariate statistical models to estimate the water quality and pollution source apportionment of River Ganga System in Himalayan region, Uttarakhand, India. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, 42837–42852. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13711-1

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar, P., Mishra, V., Bhardwaj, S., Garg, S., Dumée, L. F., & Sharma, R. S. (2023). Five-wheel framework for system-based monitoring of heavy metal pollution in rivers. Environmental Quality Management, 32(4), 9–17. https://doi.org/10.1002/tqem.21918

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Madhav, S., Ahamad, A., Singh, A. K., Kushawaha, J., Chauhan, J. S., Sharma, S., & Singh, P. (2020). Water pollutants: sources and impact on the environment and human health. Sensors in Water Pollutants Monitoring: Role of Material, 43–62. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0671-0_4

  • Mahata, S. (2023). Pollution Eminence of River Hooghly between Trabeni to Diamond Harbour. Multidisciplinary Approach in Arts, Science & Commerce, 3, 1.

  • Matta, G., Kumar, A., Nayak, A., Kumar, P., Kumar, A., & Tiwari, A. K. (2020). Determination of water quality of Ganga River System in Himalayan region, referencing indexing techniques. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 13, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-020-05999-z

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mohan, S. V., Nithila, P., & Reddy, S. J. (1996). Estimation of heavy metals in drinking water and development of heavy metal pollution index. Journal of Environmental Science & Health Part A, 31(2), 283–289. https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529609376357

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mukherjee, D., Dora, S. L., & Tiwary, R. K. (2012). Evaluation of water quality index for drinking purposes in the case of Damodar River, Jharkhand and West Bengal Region, India. Journal of Bioremedical and Biodegradation, 3(9), 2155–6199. https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6199.1000161

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peirovi-Minaee, R., Alami, A., Moghaddam, A., & Zarei, A. (2023). Determination of concentration of metals in grapes grown in Gonabad Vineyards and assessment of associated health risks. Biological Trace Element Research, 201(7), 3541–3552. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-022-03428-8

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pobi, K. K., Satpati, S., Dutta, S., Nayek, S., Saha, R. N., & Gupta, S. (2019). Sources evaluation and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals accumulated within a natural stream of Durgapur industrial zone, India, by using multivariate analysis and pollution indices. Applied Water Science, 9(3), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-019-0946-4

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Porsana, Z. P., Zareib, A., & Alimohammadia, M. (2020). Evaluation of corrosion and scaling potential of drinking groundwater in Gonbad-e Kavus. Desalination and Water Treatment, 195, 19–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Qasemi, M., Darvishian, M., Nadimi, H., Gholamzadeh, M., Afsharnia, M., Farhang, M., ... & Zarei, A. (2023). Characteristics, water quality index and human health risk from nitrate and fluoride in Kakhk city and its rural areas, Iran. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 115, 104870. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104870

  • Qu, L., Huang, H., Xia, F., Liu, Y., Dahlgren, R. A., Zhang, M., & Mei, K. (2018). Risk analysis of heavy metal concentration in surface waters across the rural-urban interface of the Wen-Rui Tang River, China. Environmental Pollution, 237, 639–649. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.020

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rai, P. K. (2010). Seasonal monitoring of heavy metals and physicochemical characteristics in a lentic ecosystem of subtropical industrial region, India. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 165, 407–433. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-009-0956-z

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sajjadi, S. A., Mohammadi, A., Khosravi, R., & Zarei, A. (2022). Distribution, exposure, and human health risk analysis of heavy metals in drinking groundwater of Ghayen County. Iran. Geocarto International, 37(26), 13127–13144. https://doi.org/10.1080/10106049.2022.2076916

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Salati, S., & Moore, F. (2010). Assessment of heavy metal concentration in the Khoshk River water and sediment, Shiraz, Southwest Iran. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 164, 677–689. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-009-0920-y

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seal, K., Chaudhuri, H., Pal, S., Srivastava, R. R., & Soldatova, E. (2022). A study on water pollution scenario of the Damodar river basin, India: assessment of potential health risk using long term database (1980–2019) and statistical analysis. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(35), 53320–53352. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19402-9

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, S., & Singh, A. (2018). Quality assessment of water resources from Asansol urban areas of West Bengal, India. Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 8(2), 1–9.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge JIS College of Engineering, Kalyani and National Institute of Technology Durgapur for other administrative support to carry out this research work.

Funding

None.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, JIS College of Engineering, Kalyani, Nadia, W. B, India

    Trina Dutta

  2. Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, West Bengal, India

    Hirok Chaudhuri

  3. Center for Research On Environment and Water, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, West Bengal, India

    Hirok Chaudhuri

Authors
  1. Trina Dutta
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hirok Chaudhuri
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Dr. Trina Dutta, HOD, Department of Chemistry, JIS College of Engineering, India, wrote the full manuscript, compiled data, analysed data, did graphical representation with contour plot, Calculated Heavy metal Pollution Index (HMPI) and Canadian Water Quality Index CCME WQI.

Dr. Hirok Chaudhuri, Faculty member, Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, India, helped in year wise data collection and compilation and guided the calculation and methodology. Additionally, he edited the manuscript overall.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Trina Dutta.

Ethics declarations

“All authors have read, understood, and have complied as applicable with the statement on "Ethical responsibilities of Authors" as found in the Instructions for Authors”.

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Ethical approval

Not Applicable.

Consent to participate

Yes.

Consent to publish

Yes.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (DOCX 45 KB)

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Dutta, T., Chaudhuri, H. Impact of industrial hotspots on Tamla nala and Nunia nala confluence – a tributary of the Damodar river. Environ Monit Assess 196, 488 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-024-12668-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-024-12668-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation