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Fusarium Secondary Metabolism Biosynthetic Pathways: So Close but So Far Away

  • Reference work entry
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Co-Evolution of Secondary Metabolites

Part of the book series: Reference Series in Phytochemistry ((RSP))

Abstract

Fusarium species are casual filamentous fungi, including opportunistic pathogens infecting plants worldwide, but also able to grow as saprotrophs in a range of climatic zones. The genus is extremely variable in terms of genetics, biology, ecology, and, consequently, secondary metabolism, which directly relates to ecological conditions and niches occupied by individual species. Fungal secondary metabolites are the main “weapon” of the pathogenic species before, during, and after the infection process, allowing for the communication with the organism that is being attacked. Many of secondary metabolites are common for diverse fungal microorganisms, and their mode of action is similar for various plant-pathogen systems. Fusaria are able to produce a range of quite specific metabolites, some of which have yet unknown biological functions. Nevertheless, genetic and biochemical pathways responsible for their biosynthesis remain under strong selection pressure, which keeps their structures and functions relatively stable, regardless of the producing organism. Here, we summarize the data available in recent literature reports on genetic and biochemical diversity occurring in the studies of main secondary metabolites produced by Fusarium species differing in origin and ecology.

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Abbreviations

AcDON:

Acetylated DON derivatives

BEA:

Beauvericin

bik :

Bikaverin biosynthetic gene cluster

car:

Carotenoid biosynthetic gene cluster

DAS:

Diacetoxyscirpenol

DMATS:

Dimethylallyltryptophan synthase

DON:

Deoxynivalenol

ENN:

Enniatin

eqx :

Equisetin biosynthetic gene cluster

FA:

Fusaric acid

FB:

Fumonisin B

FESC:

F. equiseti species complex

FFSC:

F. fujikuroi species complex

FGSC:

F. graminearum species complex

FOSC:

F. oxysporum species complex

FPP:

Farnesyl pyrophosphate

Fsr :

Fusarubin biosynthetic gene cluster

FSSC:

F. solani species complex

FUB :

Fusaric acid biosynthetic gene cluster

FUM :

Fumonisin biosynthetic gene cluster

FUS :

Fusarin C biosynthetic gene cluster

GA:

Gibberellins

GGPP:

Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate

MAPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

MON:

Moniliformin

NIV:

Nivalenol

NRPS:

Nonribosomal peptide synthetase

PKS:

Polyketide synthase

PM:

Primary metabolism

SM:

Secondary metabolite

TC:

Terpene cyclase

TF:

Transcription factor

TRI :

Trichothecene biosynthetic gene cluster

ZEA:

Zearalenone

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Acknowledgments

The study was supported by the Polish National Science Centre grants: 2014/15/B/NZ9/01544 and 2015/17/B/NZ9/03577.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathogen Genetics and Plant Resistance, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland

    Łukasz Stępień, Justyna Lalak-Kańczugowska, Natalia Witaszak & Monika Urbaniak

Authors
  1. Łukasz Stępień
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  2. Justyna Lalak-Kańczugowska
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  3. Natalia Witaszak
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  4. Monika Urbaniak
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Łukasz Stępień .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Vine and Wine Sciences, University of Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France

    Jean-Michel Mérillon

  2. Department of Botany, University College of Science, M. L. Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India

    Kishan Gopal Ramawat

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Stępień, Ł., Lalak-Kańczugowska, J., Witaszak, N., Urbaniak, M. (2020). Fusarium Secondary Metabolism Biosynthetic Pathways: So Close but So Far Away. In: Mérillon, JM., Ramawat, K. (eds) Co-Evolution of Secondary Metabolites. Reference Series in Phytochemistry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96397-6_28

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