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Current and Future Variations of the Monsoons of the Americas in a Warming Climate

  • Monsoons and Climate (Y Ming, Section Editor)
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Understanding the details of the impact of global warming on the North and South America monsoons is of key importance for the well-being of a great number of inhabitants of the Americas. This review deals with the latest research on this topic.

Recent Findings

Combined multiple datasets, high-resolution global climate models and regional convection–permitting models provide new insights on the evolution of the North and South American monsoons under global warming, suggesting a precipitation reduction in the North American Monsoon, the southward shift of the core of the South American Monsoon, and precipitation reduction in the Amazon Basin. These changes are accompanied by increased frequency of extreme precipitation events in both monsoon regions.

Summary

Uncertainty in the response mechanisms to global warming remains high, especially for the North American monsoon. To make progress, the evaluation of local and remote drives is critical, for which we need a combined use of regional and global models.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments, and T. Cavazos and W. R. Boos for helpful discussions.

Funding

S. Pascale received financial support by the award NA14OAR4320106 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. I. F. A. Cavalcanti received financial support from CNPq and FAPESP-CLIMAX. L. M. V. Carvalho received support from NSF-AGS-1505198. D. K. Adams contributed to this study during a sabbatical at Rutgers University with funding from Programa de Apoyos para la Superacion del Personal Académico de la UNAM (PASPA). Support for C.L Castro was through the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP, Project RC-2205), through the U.S. Departments of Defense and Energy and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA

    Salvatore Pascale

  2. NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, USA

    Salvatore Pascale

  3. University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA

    Leila M. V. Carvalho

  4. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico

    David K. Adams

  5. Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA

    Christopher L. Castro

  6. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), São José dos Campos, S.P., Brazil

    Iracema F. A. Cavalcanti

Authors
  1. Salvatore Pascale
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  2. Leila M. V. Carvalho
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  3. David K. Adams
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  4. Christopher L. Castro
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  5. Iracema F. A. Cavalcanti
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Correspondence to Salvatore Pascale.

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The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the S. Pascale and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, or the U.S. Department of Commerce.

This article is part of the Topical Collection on Monsoons and Climate

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Pascale, S., Carvalho, L.M.V., Adams, D.K. et al. Current and Future Variations of the Monsoons of the Americas in a Warming Climate. Curr Clim Change Rep 5, 125–144 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40641-019-00135-w

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