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Methylglyoxal and Glyoxalase System in Plants: Old Players, New Concepts

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Abstract

Methylglyoxal (MG), a reactive α, β-dicarbonyl ketoaldehyde, is unavoidable by-product of several metabolic pathways, it has long been considered as cytotoxin at high concentration, but now is emerging signal molecule function at low concentration in plants. Thus, MG homeostasis in plant cells is very important to exert its physiological function. Glyoxalase system, mainly including glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II, is the major regulator of MG homeostasis in plants. Recent years, research on MG and its detoxification system glyoxalase has attracted much attention in plant biology. Based on the current progress on MG and glyoxalase system, in this review, MG biosynthesis and degradation; determination of MG; MG as signal iniator crosstalk with Ca2+, reactive oxygen species and abscisic acid; satl, heavy metal, drought, cold and heat tolerance involved in MG and glyoxalase system; stomatal movement; seed germiantion; and cell division and organ differentiation, were summarized. Meanwhile, research direction in the future was presented.

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Abbreviations

ABA:

Abscisic acid

ADH:

Aldehyde dehydrogenase

AGEs:

Advanced glycation end products

AKR:

Aldo-keto reductase

ALR:

Aldose/aldehyde reductase

AMO:

Acetol monooxygenase

APX:

Ascorbate peroxidase

AsA:

Ascorbic acid

CaM:

Calmodulin

CAT:

Catalase

CPZ:

Chlorpromazine

DHA:

Dehydroascorbic acid

DHAP:

Dihydroxyacetone phosphate

DHAR:

Dehydroascorbate reductase

DNP:

2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine

Gly I/II:

Glyoxalase I/II

GPX:

Glutathione peroxidase

G3P:

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

GR:

Glutathione reductase

GSH:

Glutathione

GSSG:

Oxidized glutathione

GST:

Glutathione S-transferase

HM:

Heavy metal

HTA:

Hemithioacetal

L-/D-LDH:

L-/D-lactate dehydrogenase

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

MDHAR:

Mono-dehydroascorbate reductase

MG:

Methylglyoxal

MGDH:

Methylglyoxal dehydrogenase

MGR:

Methylglyoxal reductase

MGS:

Methylglyoxal synthase

Mit:

Mitochondia

NAC:

N-acetyl-L-cysteine

NO:

Nitric oxide

PC:

Phytochaletins

POD:

Peroxidase

Pro:

Proline

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SHAM:

Salicylhydroxamic acid

SLG:

S-D-lactoylglutahione

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

SSAO:

Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase

TCA:

Tricarboxylic acid cycle

TFP:

Trifluoperazine

TP:

Triosephosphate

TPI:

Triosephosphate isomerase

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Acknowledgments

This research is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (31360057) and Doctor Startup Foundation of Yunnan Normal University China (01200205020503099). We appreciate the reviewers and editors for their exceptionally helpful comments about the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, People’s Republic of China

    Zhong-Guang Li

  2. Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Kunming, 650500, People’s Republic of China

    Zhong-Guang Li

  3. Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, Yunnan Province, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, People’s Republic of China

    Zhong-Guang Li

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Li, ZG. Methylglyoxal and Glyoxalase System in Plants: Old Players, New Concepts. Bot. Rev. 82, 183–203 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12229-016-9167-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12229-016-9167-9

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