Increased Availability of Tryptophan in 5-Methyltryptophan-Tolerant Shoots of Catharanthus roseus and Their Postharvest in vivo Elicitation Induces Enhanced Vindoline Production

Abstract

Ten 5-methyltryprophan (5-MT)-resistant multiple shoot culture lines in three genotypes of Catharanthus roseus were selected in vitro. The variant shoot lines displayed a differential threshold tolerance limit against the analogue stress, ranged from 20 to 70 mg/l 5-MT in the medium. The lines tolerant to 40 mg/l 5-MT stress were most stable and fast proliferating. All the selected lines in the presence of 5-MT stress recorded increased level of tryptophan in their free amino acid pool. Highest tryptophan accumulation occurred in lines P40, P30, D40, and N40 (i.e., 296.5, 241.0, 200.6, and 202.0 μg/g dry wt., respectively). A concomitant increase in the total alkaloid content (2.3–3.8 % dry wt.) under the analogue stress was also noticed in these lines when compared to 1.0–1.58 % dry wt. in the respective wild-type shoot maintained on a stress-free medium. The HPLC analysis of the alkaloid extracts of the 5-MT-tolerant lines grown under analogue stress also revealed vindoline as a major constituent with maximum accumulation in lines N40, N30, D30, D40, and P40 (0.046, 0.032, 0.034, and 0.022 % dry wt., respectively). The rooted shoots of 5-MT-tolerant lines were successfully acclimatized under glasshouse environment wherein they grew normally and set seeds. Flowering twigs or leaves excised from 1-year-old glasshouse-grown plants of 5-MT variant lines upon postharvest in vivo elicitation with 30 mg/l 5-MT or 5.0 mg/l tryptophan registered an eight-to-tenfold increment in their vindoline content within 24–48 h.