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Production of squalene by microbes: an update

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Abstract

Squalene, a naturally occurring linear triterpene formed via MVA or MEP biosynthetic pathway, is widely distributed in microorganisms, plants and animals. At present, squalene is used extensively in the food, cosmetic and medicine industries because of its antioxidant, antistatic and anti-carcinogenic properties. Increased consumer demand has led to the development of microbial bioprocesses for the commercial production of squalene, in addition to the traditional methods of isolating squalene from the liver oils of deep-sea sharks and plant seed oils. As knowledge of the biosynthetic enzymes and of regulatory mechanisms modulating squalene production increases, opportunities arise for the genetic engineering of squalene production in hosts. In this review, we present the various strategies used up to date to improve and/or engineer squalene production in microbes and analyze yields.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Professor Arno Müllbacher (Australian National University) for critical reading of the manuscript. This paper was supported by the Shaanxi Science and Technology Innovation Project 2016KTCQ03-07 (to Y. Wang). X. Ma was supported by a Research Support Grant (2015NQ03) from the Xi’an Medical University.

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  1. Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medical Science, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, 710021, Shaanxi, China

    Wen Xu, Xi Ma & Yang Wang

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Xu, W., Ma, X. & Wang, Y. Production of squalene by microbes: an update. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 32, 195 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-016-2155-8

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