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Determining the Intrinsic CME Flux Rope Type Using Remote-sensing Solar Disk Observations

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Abstract

A key aim in space weather research is to be able to use remote-sensing observations of the solar atmosphere to extend the lead time of predicting the geoeffectiveness of a coronal mass ejection (CME). In order to achieve this, the magnetic structure of the CME as it leaves the Sun must be known. In this article we address this issue by developing a method to determine the intrinsic flux rope type of a CME solely from solar disk observations. We use several well-known proxies for the magnetic helicity sign, the axis orientation, and the axial magnetic field direction to predict the magnetic structure of the interplanetary flux rope. We present two case studies: the 2 June 2011 and the 14 June 2012 CMEs. Both of these events erupted from an active region, and despite having clear in situ counterparts, their eruption characteristics were relatively complex. The first event was associated with an active region filament that erupted in two stages, while for the other event the eruption originated from a relatively high coronal altitude and the source region did not feature a filament. Our magnetic helicity sign proxies include the analysis of magnetic tongues, soft X-ray and/or extreme-ultraviolet sigmoids, coronal arcade skew, filament emission and absorption threads, and filament rotation. Since the inclination of the post-eruption arcades was not clear, we use the tilt of the polarity inversion line to determine the flux rope axis orientation and coronal dimmings to determine the flux rope footpoints, and therefore, the direction of the axial magnetic field. The comparison of the estimated intrinsic flux rope structure to in situ observations at the Lagrangian point L1 indicated a good agreement with the predictions. Our results highlight the flux rope type determination techniques that are particularly useful for active region eruptions, where most geoeffective CMEs originate.

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Notes

  1. http://wind.nasa.gov/index_WI_ICME_list.htm .

  2. http://cdaw.gsfc.nasa.gov/CME_list/ .

  3. http://ipshocks.fi/ .

  4. http://www-ssc.igpp.ucla.edu/forms/polar/corr_data.html .

  5. http://www.srl.caltech.edu/ACE/ASC/DATA/level3/icmetable2.htm .

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Acknowledgements

EP acknowledges the doctoral programme in particle physics and universe sciences (PAPU) at the University of Helsinki, the Finnish doctoral programme in astronomy and space physics, the Magnus Ehrnrooth foundation, and the Vilho, Yrjö and Kalle Väisälä Foundation for financial support. EK acknowledges UH three-year grant project 490162 and HELCATS project 400931. AJ, LG, and GV acknowledge the support of the Leverhulme Trust Research Project Grant 2014-051. LG also thanks the Royal Society for funding through their URF scheme. AI’s research is supported by the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement No. 606692 (HELCATS).

This research has made use of SunPy, an open-source and free community-developed solar data analysis package written in Python (Mumford et al., 2015). This paper uses data from the Heliospheric Shock Database, generated and maintained at the University of Helsinki.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, 00014, Helsinki, Finland

    E. Palmerio, E. K. J. Kilpua, J. Pomoell & A. Isavnin

  2. Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey, RH5 6NT, UK

    A. W. James, L. M. Green & G. Valori

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  1. E. Palmerio
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  2. E. K. J. Kilpua
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  3. A. W. James
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Correspondence to E. Palmerio.

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Palmerio, E., Kilpua, E.K.J., James, A.W. et al. Determining the Intrinsic CME Flux Rope Type Using Remote-sensing Solar Disk Observations. Sol Phys 292, 39 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-017-1063-x

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