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Semi-quantum communication: protocols for key agreement, controlled secure direct communication and dialogue

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Abstract

Semi-quantum protocols that allow some of the users to remain classical are proposed for a large class of problems associated with secure communication and secure multiparty computation. Specifically, first-time semi-quantum protocols are proposed for key agreement, controlled deterministic secure communication and dialogue, and it is shown that the semi-quantum protocols for controlled deterministic secure communication and dialogue can be reduced to semi-quantum protocols for e-commerce and private comparison (socialist millionaire problem), respectively. Complementing with the earlier proposed semi-quantum schemes for key distribution, secret sharing and deterministic secure communication, set of schemes proposed here and subsequent discussions have established that almost every secure communication and computation tasks that can be performed using fully quantum protocols can also be performed in semi-quantum manner. Some of the proposed schemes are completely orthogonal-state-based, and thus, fundamentally different from the existing semi-quantum schemes that are conjugate coding-based. Security, efficiency and applicability of the proposed schemes have been discussed with appropriate importance.

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Acknowledgements

CS thanks Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows no. 15F15015. KT and AP thank Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO), India for the support provided through the project number ERIP/ER/1403163/M/01/1603.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Information Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho 1, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan

    Chitra Shukla

  2. Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector-62, Noida, UP, 201307, India

    Kishore Thapliyal & Anirban Pathak

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  1. Chitra Shukla
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  2. Kishore Thapliyal
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  3. Anirban Pathak
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Correspondence to Anirban Pathak.

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Shukla, C., Thapliyal, K. & Pathak, A. Semi-quantum communication: protocols for key agreement, controlled secure direct communication and dialogue. Quantum Inf Process 16, 295 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-017-1736-2

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