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EST contig-based SSR linkage maps for Malus × domestica cv Royal Gala and an apple scab resistant accession of M. sieversii, the progenitor species of domestic apple

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Abstract

Malus sieversii is a progenitor species of domestic apple M. × domestica. Using population “GMAL 4595” of 188 individuals derived from a cross of Royal Gala × PI 613988 (apple scab resistant, M. sieversii), 287 SSR (simple sequence repeats) loci were mapped. Of these SSRs, 80 are published anchors and 207 are newly developed EST (expressed sequence tag) contig-based SSRs, representing 1,630 Malus EST accessions in GenBank. Putative gene functions of these EST contigs are diverse, including regulating plant growth, development and response to environmental stresses. Among the 80 published SSRs, 18 are PI 613988 specific, 38 are common and 24 are Royal Gala specific. Out of the 207 newly developed EST contig-based SSRs, 79 are PI 613988 specific, 45 are common and 83 are Royal Gala specific. These results led to the construction of a M. sieversii map (1,387.0 cM) of 180 SSR markers and a Royal Gala map (1,283.4 cM) of 190 SSR markers. Mapping of scab resistance was independently conducted in two subsets of population “GMAL 4595” that were inoculated with Ventura inaequalis races (1) and (2), respectively. In combination with the two major resistance reactions Chl (chlorotic lesions) and SN (stellate necrosis) to each race, four subsets of resistance data, i.e., Chl/race (1), SN/race (1), Chl/race (2) and SN/race (2), were constituted and analyzed, leading to four resistance loci mapped to the linkage group 2 of PI 613988; SNR1 (stellate necrosis resistance to race (1)) and SNR2 are tightly linked in a region of known scab resistance genes, and ChlR1 (Chlorotic lesion resistance to race (1)) and ChlR2 are also linked tightly but in a region without known scab resistance genes. The utility of the two linkage maps, the new EST contig-based markers and M. sieversii as sources of apple scab resistance are discussed.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported in part by the New York State Apple Research and Development Program.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Horticulture, Cornell University, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, 630 W. North Street, Geneva, NY, 14456, USA

    Aide Wang, Susan Brown & Kenong Xu

  2. Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, 630 W. North Street, Geneva, NY, 14456, USA

    Herb Aldwinckle

  3. USDA-ARS, PGRU, Cornell University, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, 630 W. North Street, Geneva, NY, 14456, USA

    Philip Forsline & Gennaro Fazio

  4. Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA

    Dorrie Main

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  1. Aide Wang
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Correspondence to Kenong Xu.

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Wang, A., Aldwinckle, H., Forsline, P. et al. EST contig-based SSR linkage maps for Malus × domestica cv Royal Gala and an apple scab resistant accession of M. sieversii, the progenitor species of domestic apple. Mol Breeding 29, 379–397 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-011-9554-1

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