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Breast Cancer Response to Therapy: Can microRNAs Lead the Way?

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Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia Aims and scope Submit manuscript

A Correction to this article was published on 15 February 2021

This article has been updated

Abstract

Breast cancer (BC) is a leading cause of death among women with malignant diseases. The selection of adequate therapies for highly invasive and metastatic BCs still represents a major challenge. Novel combinatorial therapeutic approaches are urgently required to enhance the efficiency of BC treatment. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) emerged as key regulators of the complex mechanisms that govern BC therapeutic resistance and susceptibility. In the present review we aim to critically examine how miRNAs influence BC response to therapies, or how to use miRNAs as a basis for new therapeutic approaches. We summarized recent findings in this rapidly evolving field, emphasizing the challenges still ahead for the successful implementation of miRNAs into BC treatment while providing insights for future BC management.

The goal of this review was to propose miRNAs, that might simultaneously improve the efficacy of all four therapies that are the backbone of current BC management (radio-, chemo-, targeted, and hormone therapy). Among the described miRNAs, miR-21 and miR-16 emerged as the most promising, closely followed by miR-205, miR-451, miR-182, and miRNAs from the let-7 family. miR-21 inhibition might be the best choice for future improvement of invasive BC treatment.

New therapeutic strategies of miRNA-based agents alongside current standard treatment modalities could greatly benefit BC patients. This review represents a guideline on how to navigate this elaborate puzzle.

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Abbreviations

BC:

Breast cancer

miRNA:

MircoRNA

HER2:

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2

ER:

Estrogen receptor

PR:

Progesterone receptor

TNBC:

Triple-negative breast cancer

3′UTR:

3´untranslated region

mRNA:

Messenger RNA

EGFR:

Epidermal growth factor receptor

TIMP3:

Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3

PDCD4:

Programmed cell death protein 4

PTEN:

Phosphatase and tensin homolog

TPM1:

Tropomyosin 1

IL-6:

Interleukin-6

CDKN1B:

Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B

FOXO3:

Forkhead box O3

BIM:

Bcl-2-like protein 11

BCS:

Breast-conserving surgery

RT:

Radiotherapy

DSBs:

Double-stranded DNA brakes

IR:

Irradiation

SSB:

Single stranded brake

DDR:

DNA damage response

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

PARP1:

Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1

CHK:

Checkpoint kinase

BRCA1/2:

Breast cancer type 1/2 susceptibility protein

DNA-PKcs:

DNA-dependent protein kinase

BCL-2:

B-cell lymphoma 2

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

PI3K:

Phosphoinositide 3-kinases

CDC27:

Cell division cycle protein 27 homolog

NSCLC:

Non-small cell lung cancer

mTOR:

Mammalian target of rapamycin

HR:

Homologous recombination

ZEB1:

Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1

TBK1:

TANK-binding kinase 1

HR+:

Hormone receptor-positive

ADAM22:

A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 22

WBP2:

WW domain binding protein 2

UCP2:

Uncoupling protein 2

EMT:

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition

ERK1/2:

Extracellular signal‑regulated protein kinase

IGF1R:

Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor

PD-L1:

Programmed death-ligand 1

NF-κB:

Nuclear factor kappa B

DCTD:

Deoxycytidine monophosphate deaminase

BAX:

Bcl-2-associated X protein

NLK:

Nemo-like kinase

Wip1:

Wildtype p53-induced phosphatase 1

BNIP3:

BCL2 interacting protein 3

DAPK2:

Death-associated protein kinase 2

PBMCs:

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells

CRISPR-Cas 9:

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated protein 9

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Funding

The authors would like to thank to the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia for the financial support (451–03-68/2020–14/200043).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Health and Environment, “VINČA” Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11001, Belgrade, Serbia

    Nina Petrović

  2. Department for Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia

    Nina Petrović & Milica Nedeljković

  3. Department of Biology, Natural Science and Health Care, Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University, Ninoshvili str. 35, 6010, Batumi, Georgia

    Irina Nakashidze

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  1. Nina Petrović
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NP designed the manuscript, wrote the manuscript, designed figures, critically revised, and approved the manuscript; IN wrote the manuscript, critically revised and approved the manuscript; MN wrote the manuscript, designed and draw the figures, and critically revised and approved the manuscript.

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Petrović, N., Nakashidze, I. & Nedeljković, M. Breast Cancer Response to Therapy: Can microRNAs Lead the Way?. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 26, 157–178 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10911-021-09478-3

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