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Changes in Endogenous Cytokinins During Germination and Seedling Establishment of Tagetes minuta L.

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Abstract

Endogenous cytokinins were quantified and identified in germinating achenes and developing seedlings of Tagetes minuta L. incubated at 25 °C over a 144 h period. The process of germination (radicle emergence) was completed 38 h after commencement of imbibition. Subsequent growth was considered to cover seedling establishment. Eighteen isoprenoid cytokinins, belonging to the zeatin (9), dihyrozeatin (5) and isopentenyladenine (4) groups and one aromatic cytokinin, benzyladenine, were identified. The total isoprenoid cytokinin concentration increased upon imbibition, reached a peak by 48 h and subsequently decreased with seedling development. The individual cytokinin groups and the respective derivatives within each group did, however, not follow such a consistent trend. During the course of the experiment, the ribotides and ribosides were present in the highest concentrations, reaching a peak at 48 h and decreasing thereafter. The free bases and O-glucoside remained at low levels throughout the experiment. Isopentenyladenine-9-glucoside increased dramatically in the developing seedlings and after 144 h was the predominate cytokinin. Benzyladenine was the only aromatic cytokinin detected throughout the experiment. It was present in high concentrations in the dry achenes and declined rapidly upon imbibition.

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Abbreviations

ABA:

abscisic acid

BA:

benzyladenine

c :

cis

CBP:

cytokinin binding protein

DHZ:

dihyrozeatin

DHZOG:

dihydrozeatin-O-glucoside

DHZ9G:

dihydrozeatin-9-glucoside

DHZR:

dihydrozeatin riboside

DHZR5MP:

dihydrozeatin riboside-5′-monophosphate

DHZROG:

dihydrozeatin riboside-O-glucoside

HPLC–MS:

high performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry

iP:

isopentenyladenine

iP9G:

isopentenyladenine-9-glucoside

iPR:

isopentenyladenosine

iPR5MP:

isopentenyladenosine-5′-monophosphate

t :

trans

Z:

zeatin

ZOG:

zeatin-O-glucoside

Z9G:

zeatin-9-glucoside

ZR:

zeatin riboside

ZRED:

zeatin reductase

ZR5MP:

zeatin riboside-5′-monophosphate

ZROG:

zeatin riboside-O-glucoside

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, 3209, Scottsville, South Africa

    Wendy A. Stirk, John D. Gold & Johannes van Staden

  2. Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic

    Ondřei Novák & Miroslav Strnad

Authors
  1. Wendy A. Stirk
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  2. John D. Gold
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  3. Ondřei Novák
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  4. Miroslav Strnad
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  5. Johannes van Staden
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Correspondence to Wendy A. Stirk.

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Stirk, W.A., Gold, J.D., Novák, O. et al. Changes in Endogenous Cytokinins During Germination and Seedling Establishment of Tagetes minuta L.. Plant Growth Regul 47, 1–7 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-005-1767-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-005-1767-z

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