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Assaying polymorphism at DNA level for genetic diversity diagnostics of the safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) world germplasm resources

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Abstract

Carthamus tinctorius (2n = 2x = 24), commonly known as safflower, is widely cultivated in agricultural production systems of Asia, Europe, Australia, and the Americas as a source of high quality vegetable and industrial oil. Twenty-two RAPD primers, 18 SSR primers, and 10 AFLP primer combinations were used to assess: (1) the genetic diversity of 85 accessions (originating from 24 countries) representing global germplasm variability of safflower and (2) the interrelationships among safflower ‘centers of similarity’ or ‘regional gene pools’ proposed earlier. The RAPD and SSR primers and AFLP primer combinations revealed 57.6, 68.0, and 71.2% polymorphism, respectively, among 111, 72, and 330 genetic loci amplified from the accessions. The sum of effective number of alleles (66.44), resolving power (59.16), and marker index (51.3) explicitly revealed the relative superiority of AFLP as a marker system in uncovering variation in safflower. Overall, AFLP markers could recognize ‘centers of similarity’ or ‘regional gene pools’. Analysis of molecular variance and Shannon’s information index provided corroborating evidences for the present and previous studies that concluded fragmentation of safflower gene pool into many gene pools. Divergent directional selection is likely to have played an important role in shaping the diversity. From the practical applications standpoint, the diversity of Iran–Afghanistan gene pool is very high, equivalent to the total diversity of the species. The Far East gene pool is the least diverse. The present comprehensive input, first of its own kind in safflower, will assist marker based improvement programmes in the crop.

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Acknowledgments

Thanks are due to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) for supplying seed samples. This work was supported, in part, by Department of Biotechnology and Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India, and by the special coordination funds of Science and Technology Agency of the Japan Government.

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  1. Deepmala Sehgal

    Present address: Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research (IGER), Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3EB, UK

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Maioka-cho 641-12, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, 244, Japan

    Deepmala Sehgal, Tsuneo Sasanuma & Tetsuo Sasakuma

  2. Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cytogenetics, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India

    Vijay Rani Rajpal & Soom Nath Raina

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  1. Deepmala Sehgal
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Sehgal, D., Rajpal, V.R., Raina, S.N. et al. Assaying polymorphism at DNA level for genetic diversity diagnostics of the safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) world germplasm resources. Genetica 135, 457–470 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-008-9292-4

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