Abstract
Chrysanthemum grandiflorum ‘Yuhuaxingchen’ is an important commercial chrysanthemum cultivar with excellent ornamental quality but low drought tolerance, whereas C. indicum has exceptional drought tolerance. In our earlier study, many hybrid seeds between them were obtained through interspecific hybridization. In the present study, we selected six putative hybrid lines with most drought tolerance from all the hybrid lines by withholding water, indentified their facticity by chromosome counting, and then evaluated their drought tolerance through determining foliar electrolyte leakage (EL), contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline, and plant survival rate after 20% polyethylene glycol 6000 treatment. It was found that 155 out of 282 seeds germinated and only 132 seedlings survived. In addition, chromosome and morphological analysis showed that the six putative hybrids were real hybrids and their morphological features were intermediate between their parents. Furthermore, the density of leaf epidermal hair, proline content, and plant survival rate were the highest in C. indicum and the lowest in C. grandiflorum among the six hybrids and their parents. In contrast, EL value and MDA content were the highest in C. grandiflorum and the lowest in C. indicum. These results suggest that some true hybrids with improved drought tolerance can be obtained through interspecific hybridization in chrysanthemum breeding. Therefore, interspecific hybridization between chrysanthemum cultivars and their wild species may become a promising way to improve their biotic and abiotic resistance in the future breeding.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abraham EM, Huang B, Bonos SA, Meyer WA (2004) Evaluation of drought resistance for Texas bluegrass, Kentucky bluegrass, and their hybrids. Crop Sci 44:1746–1753
Anderson NO (2007) Chrysanthemum. Dendranthema × grandiflora Tzvelv. In: Anderson NO (ed) Flower breeding and genetics. Springer, Netherlands, pp 389–437
Bai LP, Sui FG, Ge TD, Sun ZH, Lu YY, Zhou GS (2006) Effect of soil drought stress on leaf water status, membrane permeability and enzymatic antioxidant system of maize. Pedosphere 16:326–332
Bandurska H (2000) Does proline accumulated in leaves of water deficit stressed barley plants confine cell membrane injury? I. Free proline accumulation and membrane injury index in drought and osmotically stressed plants. Acta Physiol Plant 22:409–415
Bates LS, Waldren RP, Teare ID (1973) Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant Soil 39:205–207
Cattivelli L, Rizza F, Badeck FW, Mazzucotelli E, Mastrangelo AM, Francia E, Marè C, Tondelli A, Stanca AM (2008) Drought tolerance improvement in crop plants: an integrated view from breeding to genomics. Field Crops Res 105:1–14
Chandra A, Dubey A (2008) Evaluation of genus Cenchrus based on malondialdehyde, proline content, specific leaf area and carbon isotope discrimination for drought tolerance and divergence of species at DNA level. Acta Physiol Plant 30:53–61
Chen JY (2001) Classification system for Chinese flower cultivars. China Forestry Press, Peking, pp 218–231
Chen JY, Wang SQ, Wang XC, Wang PW (1995) Thirty years’ studies on breeding ground-cover chrysanthemum new cultivars. Acta Hortic 404:30–36
Cushman JC (2001) Osmoregulation in plants: implications for agriculture. Am Zool 41:758–769
Dai SL, Chen JY (1996) Artificial interspecific cross among seven species of Dendranthema in China. J Beijing For Univ 18:16–22
De Micco V, Aronne G, Baas P (2008) Wood anatomy and hydraulic architecture of stems and twigs of some Mediterranean trees and shrubs along a mesic-xeric gradient. Trees 22:643–655
Eeckhaut T, Keyser ED, Huylenbroeck JV, Riek JD, Bockstaele EV (2007) Application of embryo rescue after interspecific crosses in the genus Rhododendron. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 89:29–35
Efeoolu B, Ekmekci Y, Cicek N (2009) Physiological responses of three maize cultivars to drought stress and recovery. South Afr J Bot 75:34–42
Fukai S, Nagira T, Goi M (2000) Cross compatibility between chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum) and Dendranthema species native to Japan. Acta Hortic 508:337–340
Heath RL, Packer L (1968) Photoperoxidation in isolated chloroplasts. I. Kinetics and stoichiometry of fatty acid peroxidation. Arch Biochem Biophys 125:189–198
Hong B, Tong Z, Ma N, Li JK, Kasuga M, Yamaguchi-shinozaki K, Gao JP (2006) Heterologous expression of the AtDREB1A gene in chrysanthemum increases drought and salt stress tolerance. Sci China Ser C 49(5):436–445
Hura T, Hura K, Grzesiak S (2009) Possible contribution of cell-wall-bound ferulic acid in drought resistance and recovery in triticale seedlings. J Plant Physiol 166:1720–1733
Li HJ (1993) Chrysanthemums in China. Jiangsu Scientific and Technical Press, Nanjing
Li HJ, Shao JW (1990) Investigation, collection and classification of chrysanthemum cultivars in China. J Nanjing Agric Univ 13:30–36
Li YQ, Liu XL, Zheng SW, Chen H, Yue YJ, Mu CL, Liu J (2007) Drought-resistant physiological characteristics of four shrub species in arid valley of Minjiang River, China. Acta Ecol Sin 27:870–877
Li XL, Chen FD, Zhao HB (2008) Compatibility of interspecific cross in Dendranthema genus. Acta Hortic Sinica 35:257–262
Li J, Teng NJ, Chen FD, Chen SM, Sun CQ, Fang WM (2009) Reproductive characteristics of Opisthopappus taihangensis (Ling) Shih, an endangered Asteraceae species endemic to China. Sci Hortic 121:474–479
Liu JH, Xu XY, Deng XX (2005) Intergeneric somatic hybridization and its application to crop genetic improvement. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 82:19–44
Liu JR, Xie XR, Du JX, Sun JX, Bai XM (2008) Effect of simultaneous drought and heat stress on Kentucky bluegrass. Sci Hortic 115:190–195
Liu ZJ, Zhang XL, Bai JG, Suo BX, Xu PL, Wang L (2009) Exogenous paraquat changes antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation in drought-stressed cucumber leaves. Sci Hortic 121:138–143
Manivannan P, Jaleel CA, Sankar B, Kishorekumar A, Somasundaram R, Lakshmanan GM, Panneerselvam R (2007) Growth, biochemical modifications and proline metabolism in Helianthus annuus L. as induced by drought stress. Colloid Surface B 59:141–149
Moussa HR, Abdel-Aziz SM (2008) Comparative response of drought tolerant and drought sensitive maize genotypes to water stress. Aust J Crop Sci 1:31–36
Pinheiro C, Chaves MM, Ricardo CP (2001) Alterations in carbon and nitrogen metabolism induced by water deficit in the stems and leaves of Lupinus albus L. J Exp Bot 52:1063–1070
Schafleitner R, Gutierrez Rosales RO, Gaudin A, Alvarado Aliaga CA, Martinez GN, Tincopa Marca LR, Bolivar LA, Delgado FM, Simon R, Bonierbale M (2007) Capturing candidate drought tolerance traits in two native Andean potato clones by transcription profiling of field grown plants under water stress. Plant Physiol Biochem 45:673–690
Sun CT, Jiao RH, Pan XM (2006) Advances of maize drought tolerance breeding. J Maize Sci 14:71–74
Sun CQ, Chen FD, Fang WM, Liu ZL, Ma J, Teng NJ, She LF (2009) Cellular mechanism of reproductive barrier during cross breeding between Dendranthema grandiflorum cv. Aoyuntianshi and D. japonense. Scientia Agric Sinica 42:2085–2091
Sun CQ, Chen FD, Teng NJ, Liu ZL, Fang WM, Hou XL (2010) Factors affecting seed set in the crosses between Dendranthema grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitamura and its wild species. Euphytica 171:181–192
Tang FP, Chen FD, Chen SM, Teng NJ, Fang WM (2009) Intergeneric hybridization and relationship of genera within the tribe Anthemideae Cass. (I. Dendranthema crassum (kitam.) kitam. × Crossostephium chinense (L.) Makino). Euphytica 169:133–140
Teng NJ, Chen FD, Jiang ZC, Fang WM, Chen TT (2008) Detection of genetic variation by RAPD among chrysanthemum plantlets regenerated from irradiated calli. Acta Hortic 766:413–419
Wang JP, Bughrara SS (2008) Evaluation of drought tolerance for Atlas fescue, perennial ryegrass, and their progeny. Euphytica 164:113–122
Yiotis C, Manetas Y, Psaras GK (2006) Leaf and green stem anatomy of the drought deciduous Mediterranean shrub Calicotome villosa (Poiret) Link. (Leguminosae). Flora 201:102–107
Zhang CQ, Hong B, Li JK, Gao JP (2005a) A simple method to evaluate the drought tolerance of ground-cover chrysanthemum rooted cuttings. Scientia Agric Sinica 38:789–796
Zhang J, Xie HM, Zhang ZB, XU P (2005b) Advances in drought-resistance and water-saving physiology, genetics and breeding of wheat. Agric Res Arid Area 23:231–238
Zhao HE, Liu ZH, Hu X, Yin JL, Li W, Rao GY, Zhang XH, Huang CL, Anderson N, Zhang QX, Chen JY (2009) Chrysanthemum genetic resources and related genera of chrysanthemum collected in China. Genet Resour Crop Evol 56:937–946
Acknowledgements
We are much grateful to Dr. Stefaan Paul Octaaf Werbrouck for kindly sending our manuscript for review. In addition, our gratitude is given to two anonymous reviewers for carefully reviewing our manuscript and putting forward many valuable suggestions. This work was supported by the National Science Fund of China (30700081, 30870436), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (20060400945), Jiangsu Planned Projects for Postdoctoral Research Funds (0602043B) and Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-06-0489).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sun, CQ., Chen, FD., Teng, NJ. et al. Interspecific hybrids between Chrysanthemum grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitamura and C. indicum (L.) Des Moul. and their drought tolerance evaluation. Euphytica 174, 51–60 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-009-0117-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-009-0117-z