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Evaluation of salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathways and molecular markers in Trichoderma-treated plants under salinity and Fusarium stresses. A Review

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Abstract

Plants are exposed to a range of biotic and abiotic stresses, including fungal infections and soil salinity. These stresses have negative impacts on plant growth and productivity, resulting in reduced yields and economic losses. To mitigate these effects, researchers have explored the use of biocontrol agents, such as Trichoderma, which can enhance plant growth and protect plants against various stresses. Salicylic acid (SA) is a key signaling molecule in plant defense against pathogens and plays a crucial role in activating the plant defense response. SA signaling pathways are known to be involved in the regulation of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and the synthesis of phytohormones, such as jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET). In this review, we evaluated the effect of Trichoderma treatment on SA signaling pathways and molecular markers in plants under salinity and Fusarium stresses. The findings showed that Trichoderma-treated plants exhibited enhanced SA signaling, as evidenced by the upregulation of SA-related genes. This was associated with improved disease resistance, as Trichoderma-treated plants showed lower disease severity and increased survival rates when exposed to Fusarium infection. Moreover, Trichoderma-treated plants also exhibited increased tolerance to salinity stress, as evidenced by improved physiological parameters, such as chlorophyll content and root growth. Molecular markers such as PR proteins and ROS-scavenging enzymes were upregulated in Trichoderma-treated plants, further indicating the activation of plant defense mechanisms. Overall, these findings suggest that Trichoderma-induced SA signaling and molecular markers contribute to the enhanced stress tolerance in plants, highlighting the potential of Trichoderma as a biocontrol agent for sustainable agriculture. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these effects and to optimize the use of Trichoderma in crop production.

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Data Availability

The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation, to any qualified researcher.

Abbreviations

SA:

Salicylic acid

JA:

Jasmonic acid

SAR:

Systemic acquired resistance

ISR:

Induced systemic resistance

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

FHB:

Fusarium Head blight

ICS:

Isochorismate synthase

PAL:

Phenylalanine ammonia lyase

PRs:

Pathogenesis-related genes

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

LTPs:

Lipid transfer proteins

DIR1:

Defective in induced resistance

PAD4:

Phytoalexin deficient 4

EDS1:

Enhanced disease susceptibility 1

SABP2:

SA-binding protein

DTH9:

Detachment 9

NPR1:

Non-expresser of pr genes1/ noninducible immunity1

EPS1:

Enhanced pseudomonas susceptibility1

EDS5:

Enhanced disease susceptibility 5

PBS3:

AvrPphB susceptible3

C4H:

Cinnamate-4-hydroxylase

4CL:

4-Coumarate:CoA ligase

CHS:

Chalcone synthase

STS:

Stilbene synthase

CCR:

Cinnamoyl-CoA reductase

CAD:

Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase

HCT:

Hydroxycinnamoyl Co A shikimate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to show sincere gratitude to the research team members of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University

Funding

This study was funded by Fuxi Outstanding Talent Cultivation Program, Gansu Agricultural University (Project Gaufx-03J03); National Natural Science Foundation of China (project 31860526); and Gansu Provincial Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (project 18JR3RA161).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China

    Solomon Boamah, Shuwu Zhang, Na Zhu, Richard Osei, Thomas Afriyie Boakye, Aroosa Khurshid, Rehan Inayat & Bingliang Xu

  2. Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China

    Solomon Boamah, Shuwu Zhang, Na Zhu, Richard Osei, Thomas Afriyie Boakye, Aroosa Khurshid, Rehan Inayat & Bingliang Xu

  3. Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China

    Solomon Boamah, Shuwu Zhang, Na Zhu & Bingliang Xu

  4. C.K Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Navrongo, Ghana

    Solomon Boamah & Eunice Essel

  5. Department of Applied Biology, C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Upper East Region of Ghana, Navrongo, Ghana

    Solomon Boamah & Eunice Essel

  6. College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China

    Theodora Ojangba

  7. Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health , Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China

    Theodora Ojangba

  8. Henan Research Center for HTA, Zhengzhou, 450001, China

    Theodora Ojangba

  9. Department of Food Science and Technology, University for Development Studies, Tamale, 34983, Ghana

    Theodora Ojangba

  10. College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China

    Richard John Tiika

  11. Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China

    Richard John Tiika

  12. Plant Genetic Diversity, CSIR-Plant Genetic Resources Research Institute, Bunso, 31, Ghana

    Zechariah Effah

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  1. Solomon Boamah
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Contributions

Boamah S., Ojangba T., conceived and wrote the manuscript, Zhang S., Xu B., revised and supervised the write-up, Zhu N., Osei R., Tiika R., Boakye AT., Khurshid A., Inayat R., Effah Z., and Essel E., edited the write-up. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Shuwu Zhang or Bingliang Xu.

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Boamah, S., Ojangba, T., Zhang, S. et al. Evaluation of salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathways and molecular markers in Trichoderma-treated plants under salinity and Fusarium stresses. A Review. Eur J Plant Pathol 166, 259–274 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-023-02660-9

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