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Typical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into reducing sugars using dilute acid hydrolysis and alkaline pretreatment

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Abstract

The development and production of fossil fuel alternatives have become one of the main focal points in recent investigations. Lignocellulosic biomass is a renewable source of fermentable sugars for second-generation biofuels and chemicals via biotechnological pathways. However, the presence of lignin and hemicellulose in lignocellulosic biomass makes it difficult for the biomass to be hydrolyzed or digested during fermentation. Thus, effective biomass pretreatment is vital. The present review shows that chemical pretreatment is the current preferred method to obtain high sugar yields at low cost, with dilute acid and alkaline hydrolysis as the two most reported technologies. Dilute acid favours hydrolysis of the hemicelluloses whereas alkaline hydrolysis targets the lignin fraction. Both methods have merits and demerits, and have been combined with other treatments such as hydrothermal and enzymatic hydrolysis. Further investigation is required to improve the pretreatment processes and to ensure the economic viability of bioconversion.

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Acknowledgments

The funding of this research is supported by Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia under Long Term Research Grant Scheme (LRGS/2013/UKM-UKM/PT/01) and University of Malaya Research Grant (RP002D-13AET). In addition, the authors would like to thank Monash University Malaysia for providing Y.-L. Loow with a postgraduate scholarship.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

    Yu-Loong Loow & Ta Yeong Wu

  2. Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

    Jamaliah Md. Jahim & Abdul Wahab Mohammad

  3. Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Wen Hui Teoh

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  1. Yu-Loong Loow
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  2. Ta Yeong Wu
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  3. Jamaliah Md. Jahim
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  4. Abdul Wahab Mohammad
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  5. Wen Hui Teoh
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Correspondence to Ta Yeong Wu.

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Loow, YL., Wu, T.Y., Md. Jahim, J. et al. Typical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into reducing sugars using dilute acid hydrolysis and alkaline pretreatment. Cellulose 23, 1491–1520 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-016-0936-8

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