Abstract
The aim of this study is to contribute to a conceptualization of organizational politics that underscores the possibility of developing positive political behavior at the workplace. In this respect, we seek to provide a context of re-evaluating the normative foundations of organizational politics. Normative issues are critically discussed in the context of mainstream ethical theories that illuminate the interaction of ethics and political behavior. More specifically, it is argued that a deontological framework is of particular importance for the proper management of negative political behavior, whereas a virtue-ethics context can be employed so as to foster positive political behavior at the workplace. Finally, the implications of this approach for organizational life and HRM processes and practices are taken into consideration.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ailon, G.: 2006, ‘What B would otherwise do. A critique of conceptualizations of power in organizational theory’, Organization 13(6), 771-880.
Alzola, M.: 2008, ‘Character and the environment: The status of virtues in organizations’, Journal of Business Ethics 78(3), 343-357.
Andrews, M. C. and M. K. Kacmar: 2001, ‘Discriminating among organizational politics, justice and support’, Journal of Organizational Behavior 22(4), 347-366.
Ardagh, D.: 2007, ‘The ethical basis for HRM professionalism and codes of conduct’, in A. Pinnington, R. Macklin and T. Campbell (eds.), Human Resource Management: Ethics and Employment, (Oxford University Press, Oxford), pp. 152-170.
Aryee, S., Z. X. Chen and P. S. Budhwar: 2004, ‘Exchange fairness and employee performance: An examination of the relationship between organizational politics and procedural justice’, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 94(1), 1-14.
Ascigil, F. S. and M. Ryan: 2001, ‘Perceptions of decision making and their effect on participation in an international context’, International Journal of Cross-Cultural Management 1(3), 269-285.
Baker, T. L., T. G. Hunt and M. C. Andrews: 2006, ‘Promoting ethical behavior and organizational citizenship behaviors: The influence of corporate ethical values’, Journal of Business Research 59(7), 849-857.
Bertland, A.: 2009, ‘Virtue ethics in business and the capabilities approach’, Journal of Business Ethics 84(1), 25-32.
Beugré, C. D. and P. R. Liverpool: 2006, ‘Politics as determinant of fairness perceptions in organizations’, in E. Vigoda-Gadot and A. Drory (eds.), Handbook of organizational politics, (Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK), pp. 122-135.
Bowie, N. E.: 1998, ‘A Kantian theory of meaningful work’, Journal of Business Ethics 17(9-10), 1083-1092.
Bowie, N. E.: 2000, ‘A Kantian theory of leadership’, The Leadership and Organizational Development Journal 21(4), 185-193.
Bowie, N. E. and P. H. Werhane: 2005, Management Ethics, (Blackwell, Oxford).
Bozeman, D. P., W. A. Hochwarter, P. L. Perrewé, and R. A. Brymer: 2001, ‘Organizational politics, perceived control and work outcomes: Boundary conditions on the effects of politics’, Journal of Applied Social Psychology 31(3), 486-503.
Bozionelos, N.: 2005, ‘When the inferior candidate is offered the job. The selection interview as a political and power game’, Human Relations 58(12), 1605-1631.
Bragues, G.: 2006, ‘Seek the good life, not money: The Aristotelian approach to business ethics’, Journal of Business Ethics 67(4), 341-357.
Breaux, D. M., T. P. Munyon, W. A. Hochwarter and G. R. Ferris: (2009), ‘Politics as a moderator of the accountability-job satisfaction relationship. Evidence across three studies’, Journal of Management 35(2), 307-326.
Bright, D. S., K. S. Cameron and A. Caza: 2006, ‘The amplifying and buffering effects of virtuousness in downsized organizations’, Journal of Business Ethics 64(3), 249-269.
Brown, M. E. and L. K. Trevinõ: 2006, ‘Ethical leadership: A review and future directions’, The Leadership Quarterly 17(6), 595-616.
Buchanan, D. A.: 2008, ‘You stab my back, I’ll stab yours: Management experience and perceptions of organizational political behaviour’, British Journal of Management 19(1), 49-64.
Butcher, D. and M. Clarke: 2003, ‘Redefining managerial work: Smart politics’, Management Decision 41(5), 477-487.
Butcher, D. and M. Clarke: 2006, ‘The symbiosis of organizational politics and organizational democracy’, in E. Vigoda-Gadot and A. Drory (eds.), Handbook of organizational politics, (Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK), pp. 286-300.
Byrne, Z. S.: 2005, ‘Fairness reduces the negative effects of organizational politics on turnover intentions, citizenship behavior and job performance’, Journal of Business and Psychology 20(2), 175-200.
Cameron, K.S., J. E. Dutton and R. E. Quinn (eds.): 2003, Positive organizational scholarship. Foundations of a new discipline, (Berrett-Koehler Publishing, San Francisco).
Cavanagh, G. E., D. J. Moberg and M. Velasquez: 1981, ‘The ethics of organizational politics’, Academy of Management Review 6(3), 363-374.
Caza-Barker, B., and A. Caza: 2008, ‘Positive organizational scholarship. A critical theory perspective’, Journal of Management Inquiry 17(1), 21-33.
Chen, G. I., B. L. Kirkman, R. Kanfer, D. Allen and B. Rosen: 2007, ‘A multilevel study of leadership, empowerment and performance in teams’, Journal of Applied Psychology 92(2), 331-346.
Cohen, S.: 2006, ‘Management ethics, accountability and responsibility’, in S. R. Clegg and C. Rhodes (eds.), Management ethics. Contemporary Contexts, (Routledge, London), pp. 113-134.
Conner, D. S.: 2006, ‘Human resource professionals’ perceptions of organizational politics as a function of experience, organizational size, and perceived independence’, Journal of Social Psychology 146(6), 717-732.
Coopey, J. and J. Burgoyne: 2000, ‘Politics and organizational learning’, Journal of Management Studies 37(6), 869-885.
Crockett, C.: 2005, ‘The cultural paradigm of virtue’, Journal of Business Ethics 62(2), 191-208.
Cropanzano, R., B. M. Goldman and R. Folger: 2003, ‘Deontic justice. The role of moral principles in workplace fairness’, Journal of Organizational Behavior 24(8), 1019-1024.
Cropanzano, R. S., J. C. Howes, A. A. Grandey and P. Toth: 1997, ‘The relationship of organizational politics and support to work behaviors, attitudes and stress’, Journal of Organizational Behavior 18(2), 159-180.
Cropanzano, R. S., M. K. Kacmar and D. P. Bozeman: 1995, ‘The social setting of work organizations: Politics, justice and support’, in R.S. Cropanzano & K. M. Kacmar (eds.), Organizational politics, justice and support. Managing the social climate of the workplace, (Quorum, Wesport, CT), pp. 1-18.
Curtis, A. B., R. D. Harvey and D. Ravden: 2005, ‘Sources of political distortions in performance appraisals. Appraisal purpose and rater accountability’, Group and Organization Management 30(1), 42-60.
Darr, W. and G. Johns: 2004, ‘Political decision-making climates: Theoretical processes and multi-level antecedents’, Human Relations 57(2), 169-200.
Davis, J. B.: 2003, The theory of the individual in economics. Identity and value, (Routledge, London).
De Dreu, C. K. W.: 2008, ‘The virtues and vice of workplace conflict: Food for (pessimistic) thought’, Journal of Organizational Behavior 29(1), 5-18.
Diefenbach, T.: 2007, ‘The managerialistic ideology of organizational change management’, Journal of Organizational Change Management 20(1), 126-144.
Dipboye, R. L. and J. B. Foster: 2002, ‘Multi-level theorizing about perceptions of organizational politics’, in F. J. Yammarino and F. Dansereau (eds.), The many faces of multi-level issues, (JAI Press, Amsterdam), pp. 255-270.
Driscoll, C. and M. McKee: 2007, ‘Restoring a culture of ethical and spiritual values: A role for leader storytelling’, Journal of Business Ethics 73(2), 205-217.
Dutton, J. E.: 2008, ‘Unpacking positive organizing: Organizations as sites of individual and group flourishing (Editorial)’, Journal of Positive Psychology 3(1), 1-3.
Eberlin, R. and C. B. Tatum: 2005, ‘Organizational justice and decision making. When good intentions are not enough’, Management Decision 43(7-8), 1040-1048.
Fedor, D., G. R. Ferris, G. Harrell-Cook and G. S. Russ: 1998, ‘The dimensions of politics perception and their organizational and individual predictors’, Journal of Applied Social Psychology 28(19), 1760-1797.
Fedor, D., J. Maslyn, S. Farmer and K. Bettenhausen: 2008, ‘The contribution of positive politics to the prediction of employee reactions’, Journal of Applied Social Psychology 38(1), 76-96.
Feldman, S. P.: 2007, ‘Moral memory: Why and how moral companies manage tradition’, Journal of Business Ethics 72(4), 395-409.
Ferris, G. R., G. Adams, R. W. Kolodinsky, W. A. Hochwarter and A. P. Ammeter: 2002, ‘Perceptions of organizational politics: Theory and research directions’, in F. J. Yammarino and F. Dansereau (eds.), The many faces of multi-level issues, (JAI Press, Amsterdam), pp. 179-254.
Ferris, G. R., D. D. Frink, T. A. Beehr and D. C. Gilmore: 1995, ‘Political fairness and fair politics: The conceptual integration of divergent constructs’, in R.S. Cropanzano and K. M. Kacmar (eds.), Organizational politics, justice and support. Managing the social climate of the workplace, (Quorum, Wesport, CT), pp. 21-36..
Ferris, G. R., D. D. Frink, D. P. S. Bhawuk, J. Zhou and D. C. Gilmore: 1996a, ‘Reactions of diverse groups to politics in the workplace’, Journal of Management 22(1), 23-44.
Ferris, G. R., D. D. Frink, M. C. Galang, J. Zhou, M. K. Kacmar and J. L. Howard: 1996b, ‘Perceptions of organizational politics: Prediction, stress-related implications, and outcomes’, Human Relations 49(2), 233-265.
Ferris, G. R., G. Harrell-Cook and J. H. Dulebohn: 2000, ‘Organizational politics: The nature of the relationship between politics perceptions and political behavior’, in S. B. Bacharach and E. J. Lawler (eds.), Research in the sociology of organizations, Vol. 17, (JAI Press, Greenwich, CT), pp. 89-130.
Ferris, G. R. and K. M. Kacmar: 1992, ‘Perceptions of organizational politics’, Journal of Management 18(1), 93-116.
Ferris, G. R., G. S. Russ and P. M. Fandt: 1989, ‘Politics in organizations’, in R. A. Giacalone and P. Rosenfeld (eds.), Impression management in the organization, (Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, N.J), pp. 143-170.
Ferris, G. R., R. Zinko, R. L. Brouer, M. R. Buckley and M. G. Harvey: 2007, ‘Strategic bullying as a supplementary, balanced perspective on destructive leadership’, The Leadership Quarterly 18(3), 195-206.
Fleming, P. and A. Spicer: 2008, ‘Beyond power and resistance. New approaches to organizational politics’, Management Communication Quarterly 21(3), 301-309.
Flynn, G.: 2008, ‘The virtuous manager. A vision for leadership in business’, Journal of Business Ethics 78(3), 359-372.
Fowers, B. J.: 2008, ‘From continence to virtue. Recovering goodness, character unity, and character types for positive psychology’, Theory and Psychology 18(5), 629-653.
Fray, A. M.: 2007, ‘Ethical behavior and social responsibility in organizations: Process and evaluation’, Management Decision 45(1), 76-88.
Freeman, E. R.: 1994, ‘The politics of stakeholder theory: Some future directions’, Business Ethics Quarterly 4(4), 409-422.
Freeman, E. R., K. Martin and B. Parmar: 2007, ‘Stakeholder capitalism’, Journal of Business Ethics 74(4), 303-314.
Geva, A.: 2006, ‘A typology of moral problems in business: A framework for ethical management’, Journal of Business Ethics 69(2), 133-147.
Gilmore, D. C., G. R. Ferris, J. H. Dulebohn and G. Harrell-Cook: 1996, ‘Organizational politics and employee attendance’, Group and Organization Management 21(4), 481-494.
Graafland, J. J.: in press, ‘Do Markets Crowed out Virtues? An Aristotelian Framework’, Journal of Business Ethics. doi:10.1007/s10551-009-0072-6
Graham, J. W. and L. Van Dyne: 2006, ‘Gathering information and exercising influence. Two forms of civic virtue organizational citizenship behavior’, Employee Response Rights Journal 18(1), 89-109.
Greenwood, M. and H. De Cleri: 2007, ‘Stakeholder theory and the ethics of HRM’. in: A. Pinnington, R. Macklin and T. Campbell (eds) Human Resource Management. Ethics and Employment. Oxford University Press, Oxford – New York, pp. 119-136.
Grey, C. and A. Sturdy: 2007, ‘Friendship and organizational analysis. Towards a research agenda’, Journal of Management Inquiry 16(2), 157-172.
Grossmann, M.: 2006, ‘The organization of factions. Interest mobilization and the group theory of politics’, Public Organization Review 6(2), 107-124.
Gunn, J. and S. Chen: 2006, ‘A micro-political perspective of strategic management’, in E. Vigoda-Gadot and A. Drory (eds.), Handbook of organizational politics, (Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK), pp. 209-229.
Harrell-Cook, G., G. R. Ferris and J. H. Dulebohn: 1999, ‘Political behaviors as moderators of the perceptions of organizational politics-work outcomes relationships’, Journal of Organizational Behavior 20(7), 1093-1105.
Harris, K. J., M. C. Andrews and K. M. Kacmar: 2007, ‘The moderating effects of justice on the relationship between organizational politics and workplace attitudes’, Journal of Business and Psychology 22(2), 135-144.
Hartman, E. M.: 2008, ‘Socratic questions and Aristotelian answers: A virtue-based approach to business ethics’, Journal of Business Ethics 78(3), 313-328.
Heugens, P. M. A. R., M. Kaptein and J. H. Van Oosterhout: 2008, ‘Contracts to communities: A processual model of organizational virtue’, Journal of Management Studies 45(1), 100-121.
Hicks, D. A.: 2003, Religion and the workplace. Pluralism, spirituality, leadership, (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge).
Hochwarter, W. A.: 2003, ‘The interactive effects of pro-political behavior and politics perceptions on job satisfaction and affective commitment’, Journal of Applied Social Psychology 33(7), 1360-1379.
Hochwarter, W. A., P. L. Perrewé, G. R. Ferris and R. Guercio: 1999, ‘Commitment as an antidote to the tension and turnover consequences of organizational politics’, Journal of Vocational Behavior 55(3), 277-297.
Hochwarter, W. A., A. L. Witt and M. K. Kacmar: 2000, ‘Perceptions of organizational politics as a moderator of the relationship between conscientiousness and job performance’, Journal of Applied Psychology 85(3), 472-478.
Huang, I.-C., C.-H. J. Chuang and H.-C. Lin: 2003, ‘The role of burnout in the relationship between perceptions of organizational politics and turnover intentions’, Public Personnel Management 32(4), 519-531.
Johnson, P.: 2006, ‘Whence democracy? A review and critique of the conceptual dimensions and implications of the business case for organizational democracy’, Organization 13(2), 245-274.
Jones, C., M. Parker and R. ten Bos: 2005, For business ethics: A critical approach, (Routledge, London).
Kacmar, K. M. and R. A. Baron: 1999, ‘Organizational politics. The state of the field, links to related processes, and an agenda for future research’, in G. R. Ferris (ed.), Research in personnel and human resources management, Vol. 17, (JAI Press, Greenwich, CT), pp. 1-39.
Kacmar, K. M., D. P. Bozeman, D. S. Carlson and W. P. Anthony: 1999, ‘An examination of the perceptions of organizational politics model: Replication and extension’, Human Relations 52(3), 383-415.
Kacmar, K. M. and G. R. Ferris: 1993, ‘Politics at work. Sharpening the focus of political behavior in organizations’, Business Horizons 36(4), 70-74.
Kornberger, M. and A. D. Brown: 2007, ‘Ethics as a discursive resource for identity work’, Human Relations 60(3), 497-518.
Kurchner-Hawkins, R. and R. Miller: 2006, ‘Organizational politics. Building positive political strategies in turbulent times’, in E. Vigoda-Gadot and A. Drory (eds.), Handbook of organizational politics, (Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK), pp. 328-351.
Ladebo, O. J.: 2006, ‘Perceptions of organizational politics. Examination of a situational antecedent and consequences among Nigeria’s extension personnel’, Applied Psychology 55(2), 255-281.
Lau, V. P. and Y. Y. Wong: in press, ‘Direct and Multiplicative Effects of Ethical Dispositions and Ethical Climates on Personnel Justice Norms: A Virtue-Ethics Perspective’, Journal of Business Ethics. doi:10.1007/s10551-009-0042-z
Lincoln, N. D., C. Travers, P. Ackers and A. Wilkinson: 2002, ‘The meaning of empowerment: The interdisciplinary etymology of a new management concept’, International Journal of Management Review 4(3), 271-290.
Luthans, F.: 2002a, ‘The need for and meaning of positive organizational behavior’, Journal of Organizational Behavior 23(6), 695-706.
Luthans, F.: 2002b, ‘Positive organizational behavior: developing and managing psychological strengths’, Academy of Management Executive 16(1), 57-72.
Luthans, F. and C. M. Youssef: 2007, ‘Emerging positive organizational behavior’, Journal of Management 33(3), 321-349.
Ma Chao, W. Q. L. and L. L. Fang: 2006, ‘Construct dimension of the enterprise staff’s perceptions of organizational politics’, Acta Psychologica Sinica 38(1), 107-115.
McDevitt, R., C. Giapponi and C. Tromley: 2007, ‘A model of ethical decision making: The integration of process and content’, Journal of Business Ethics 73(2), 219-229.
Micewski, E. R., & C. Troy: 2007, ‘Business ethics – Deontologically revisited’, Journal of Business Ethics 72(1), 17-25.
Miller, B. K. and K. M. Nicols: 2008, ‘Politics and justice: A mediated moderation model’, Journal of Managerial Issues 20(2), 214-237.
Miller, B. K., M. A. Rutherford and R. W. Kolodinsky: 2008, ‘Perceptions of organizational politics: A meta-analysis of outcomes’, Journal of Business and Psychology 22(3), 209-222.
Moberg, D. J.: 2006, ‘Ethics blind spots in organizations: How systematic errors in person perception undermine moral agency’, Organization Studies 27(3), 413-428.
Moore, G.: 2005a, ‘Humanizing business: A modern virtue ethics approach’, Business Ethics Quarterly 15(2), 237-255.
Moore, G.: 2005b, ‘Corporate character: Modern virtue ethics and the virtuous corporation’, Business Ethics Quarterly 15(4), 659-685.
Moore, G.: 2009, ‘Virtue ethics and business organizations’, in J. D. Smith (ed.), Normative Theory and Business Ethics, (Rowman and Littlefield, Lanham), pp. 35-59.
Moore, G. and R. Beadle: 2006, ‘In search of organizational virtue in business: Agents, goods, practices, institutions and environments’, Organization Studies 27(3), 369-389.
Moriarty, J.: 2005, ‘On the relevance of political philosophy to business ethics’, Business Ethics Quarterly 15(3), 455-473.
Morris, J. A., C. M. Brotheridge and J. C. Urbanski: 2005, ‘Bringing humility to leadership: Antecedents and consequences of leader humility’, Human Relations 58(10), 1323-1350.
Nelson, D. L. and C. L. Cooper: 2007, Positive Organizational Behavior, (Sage, London).
Park, N. and C. Peterson: 2003, ‘Virtues and Organizations’, in K.S. Cameron, J. E. Dutton and R. E. Quinn (eds.), Positive organizational scholarship. Foundations of a new discipline, (Berrett-Koehler Publishing, San Francisco), pp. 33-47.
Parker, C. P., R. L. Dipboye and S. L. Jackson: 1995, ‘Perceptions of organizational politics. An investigation of antecedents and consequences’, Journal of Management 21(5), 891-912.
Pastoriza, D., M. A. Arinõ and J. E. Ricart: 2008, ‘Ethical managerial behaviour as an antecedent of organizational social capital’, Journal of Business Ethics 78(3), 329-341.
Peled, A.: 2000, ‘Politicking for success: The missing skill’, The Leadership and Organization Development Journal 21(1), 20-29.
Perrewé, P. L., G. R. Ferris, D. D. Frink and W. P. Anthony: 2000, ‘Political skill: An antidote for workplace stressors’, Academy of Management Executive 14(3), 115-122.
Pfeffer, J.: 1981, Power in Organizations, (Pitman, Boston).
Phillips, R. A.: 1997, ‘Stakeholder theory and a principle of fairness’, Business Ethics Quarterly 7(1), 51-66.
Poon, J. M. L.: 2003, ‘Situational antecedents and outcomes of organizational politics perceptions’, Journal of Managerial Psychology 18(2), 138-155.
Poon, J. M. L.: 2004, ‘Effects of performance appraisal politics on job satisfaction and turnover intention’, Personnel Review 33(3), 322-334.
Poon, J. M. L.: 2006, ‘Trust-in-supervisor and helping co-workers: Moderating effects of perceived politics’, Journal of Managerial Psychology 21(6), 518-532.
Provis, C.: 2004, Ethics and Organizational Politics, (Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK).
Provis, C.: 2006, ‘Organizational politics, definitions and ethics’, in E. Vigoda-Gadot and A. Drory (eds.), Handbook of organizational politics, (Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK), pp. 89-106.
Randall, M. L., R. Cropanzano, C. A. Bormann and A. Birjulin: 1999, ‘Organizational politics and organizational support as predictors of work attitudes, job performance, and organizational citizenship behavior’, Journal of Organizational Behavior 20(2), 159-174.
Reuver, R.: 2006, ‘The influence of organizational power on conflict dynamics’, Personnel Review 35(5), 589-603.
Roberts, L. M.: 2006, ‘Shifting the lens on organizational life: The added value of positive scholarship’, Academy of Management Review 31(2), 292-305.
Roch, S. G. and L. R. Shanock: 2006, ‘Organizational justice in an exchange framework: clarifying organizational justice distinctions’, Journal of Management 32(2), 299-322.
Rosen, C. C., C. H. Chang, R. E. Johnson and P. E. Levy: 2009a, ‘Perceptions of the organizational context and psychological contract breach: Assessing competing perspectives’, Organizational behavior and Human Decision Processes 108(2), 202-217.
Rosen, C. C., K. J. Harris and K. M. Kacmar: 2009b, ‘The emotional implications of organizational politics: A process model’, Human Relations 62(1), 27-57.
Rosen, C. C., P. E. Levy and R. J. Hall: 2006, ‘Placing perceptions of politics in the context of the feedback environment, employee attitudes, and job performance’, Journal of Applied Psychology 91(1), 211-220.
Ryan, M.: 2000, ‘Micro-political strategies and their implications for participative decision-making’, International Journal of Value-Based Management 13(1), 79-88.
Sayer, A.: 2007, ‘Dignity at work: Broadening the agenda’, Organization 14(4), 565-581.
Sirota, D., L. A. Mischkind and M. I. Meltzer: 2008, ‘Enthusiastic employees’, in R. J. Burke and C. L. Cooper (eds.), Building more effective organizations. HR Management and performance in practice, (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge), pp. 35-56.
Sison, A. J. G.: 2006, ‘Leadership, character and virtues from an Aristotelian viewpoint’, in T. Maak and N. M. Pless (eds.), Responsible Leadership, (Routledge, London), pp. 108-121.
Sison, A. J. G.: 2008, Corporate Governance and Ethics. An Aristotelian Perspective, (Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK).
Solomon, R.: 1999, A better way to think about business, (Oxford University Press, Oxford).
Solomon, R.: 2003, ‘Victims of circumstances? A defence of virtue ethics in business’, Business Ethics Quarterly 13(1), 43-62.
Solomon, R.: 2004, ‘Aristotle, ethics and business organizations’, Organization Studies 25(6), 1021-1043.
Sussman, L., A. J. Adams, F. E. Kuzmits and L. E. Rocho: 2002, ‘Organizational politics: tactics, channels, and hierarchical roles’, Journal of Business Ethics 40(4), 313-329.
Treadway, D. C., G. L. Adams and J. M. Goodman: 2005, ‘The formation of political sub-climates: Predictions from social identity, structuration, and symbolic interaction’, Journal of Business and Psychology 20(2), 201-219.
Treadway, D. C., W. A. Hochwarter, C. J. Kacmar and G. R. Ferris: 2005, ‘Political will, political skill and political behavior’, Journal of Organizational Behavior 26(3), 229-245.
Trevinõ, L. K., G. R. Weaver and S. J. Reynolds: 2006, ‘Behavioral ethics in organizations: A review’, Journal of Management 32(6), 951-990.
Valle, M. and P. L. Perrewé: 2000, ‘Do politics perceptions relate to political behaviors? Tests of an implicit assumption and expanded model’, Human Relations 53(3), 359-386.
Valle, M., and A. L. Witt: 2001, ‘The moderating effect of teamwork perceptions on the organizational politics-job satisfaction relationship’, Journal of Social Psychology 141(3), 379-388.
Van Iterson, A., and S. R. Clegg: 2008, ‘The politics of gossip and denial in interorganizational relations’, Human Relations 61(8), 1117-1137.
Van Staveren, I.: 2007, ‘Beyond utilitarianism and deontology: Ethics in economics’, Review of Political Economy 19(1), 21-35.
Vigoda, E.: 2000, ‘Organizational politics, job attitudes, and work outcomes. Exploration and implications for the public sector’, Journal of Vocational Behavior 57(3), 326-347.
Vigoda, E.: 2001, ‘Reactions to organizational politics: A cross-cultural examination in Israel and Britain’, Human Relations 54(11), 1483-1518.
Vigoda, E.: 2002, ‘Stress-related aftermaths to workplace politics. The relationship among politics, job-distress, and aggressive behavior in organizations’, Journal of Organizational Behavior 23(5), 571-591.
Vigoda, E.: 2003, Developments in organizational politics. How political dynamics affect employee performance in modern worksites, (Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK).
Vigoda-Gadot, E.: 2006, ‘Citizens’ perceptions of politics and ethics in public administration: A five-year national study of their relationship to satisfaction with services, trust in governance, and voice orientations’, Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 17(2), 285-305.
Vigoda-Gadot, E.: 2007a, ‘Redrawing the boundaries of OCB? An empirical examination of compulsory extra-role behavior in the workplace’, Journal of Business and Psychology 21(3), 377-405.
Vigoda-Gadot, E.: 2007b, ‘Leadership style, organizational politics and employees’ performance: An empirical examination of two competing models’, Personnel Review 36(5), 661-683.
Vigoda-Gadot, E. and Y. Dryzin-Amit: 2006, ‘Organizational politics, leadership and performance in modern public worksites: A theoretical framework’, in E. Vigoda-Gadot and A. Drory (eds.), Handbook of organizational politics, (Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK), pp. 3-15.
Vigoda-Gadot, E., and D. Kapun: 2005, ‘Perceptions of politics and perceived performance in public and private organizations: A test of one model across two sectors’, Policy and Politics 33(2), 251-276.
Vigoda-Gadot, E., H. Vinarski-Peretz and E. Ben-Zion: 2003, ‘Politics and image in the organizational landscape: An empirical examination among public sector employees’, Journal of Managerial Psychology 18(8), 764-787.
Vranceanu, R.: 2007, ‘The moral layer of contemporary economics: A virtue-ethics perspective’, in M. L. Djelic and R. Vranceanu (eds.), Moral Foundations of Management Knowledge, (Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK), pp. 134-155.
Weaver, G. R.: 2006, ‘Virtue in organizations. Moral identity as a foundation for moral agency’, Organization Studies 27(3), 341-368.
Witt, L. A., M. C. Andrews and K. M. Kacmar: 2000, ‘The role of participation in decision-making in the organizational politics – job satisfaction relationship’, Human Relations 53(3), 341-358.
Wright, T. A. and J. Goodstein: 2007, ‘Character is not “dead” in management research: A review of individual character and organizational-level virtue’, Journal of Management 33(6), 928-958.
Youssef, C. M. and F. Luthans: 2007, ‘Positive organizational behavior in the workplace: The impact of hope, optimism and resilience’, Journal of Management 33(5), 774-800.
Zanzi, A. and R. M. O’Neill: 2001, ‘Sanctioned versus non-sanctioned political tactics’, Journal of Managerial Issues 13(2), 245-262.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gotsis, G.N., Kortezi, Z. Ethical Considerations in Organizational Politics: Expanding the Perspective. J Bus Ethics 93, 497–517 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-009-0241-7
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-009-0241-7