Abstract
Social and moral issues in business have drawn attention to a gap between theory and practice and fueled the search for a reconciling perspective. Finding and establishing an alternative remains a critical initiative, but a daunting one. In what follows, the assumptions of two prominent contenders are considered before introducing a third in the form of Aristotle’s ancient theory of virtue. Comparative case studies are used to briefly illustrate the practical implications of each paradigm. In the quest for a better sense-making and sense-giving lens, this paper refines and encourages the search by highlighting some of the key features required of a worthy paradigmatic challenge. The author proceeds to identify a particular type of institutional community, and a promising champion, for the practical unification of strategic and normative excellence.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
J. Arditi (1994) ArticleTitleGeertz, Kuhn and the Idea of a Cultural Paradigm British Journal of Sociology 45 IssueID4 597–617
Aristotle: 1976, The Nichomachean Ethics. translated by J. A. K. Thomson, revised with note and appendices by H. Tredennick, introduction and bibliography by J. Barnes, London: Penguin, London.
D. G. Arnold N. E. Bowie (2003) ArticleTitleSweatshops and Respect for Persons Business Ethics Quarterly 13 IssueID2 221–242
R. A. Baron (1998) ArticleTitleCognitive Mechanisms in Entrepreneurship: Why and When Entrepreneurs Think Differently Than Other People Journal of Business Venturing 13 IssueID4 275–294 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0883-9026(97)00031-1
L. G. Bolman T. E. Deal (2001) Leading with Soul: An Uncommon Journey of Spirit Jossey-Bass San Francisco, CA
N. E. Bowie (2000) ArticleTitleA Kantian Theory of Leadership Leadership & Organization Development Journal 21 IssueID4 185–193 Occurrence Handle10.1108/01437730010335427
N. E. Bowie (1999) Business Ethics: A Kantian Perspective Blackwell Publishers Oxford
N. E. Bowie (1991) ArticleTitleChallenging the Egoistic Paradigm Business Ethics Quarterly 1 IssueID1 1–22
M. J. Calkins P. H. Werhane (1998) ArticleTitleAdam Smith, Aristotle, and the Virtues of Commerce The Journal of Value Inquiry 32 43–60 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1004273132568
J. B. Ciulla (1999) ArticleTitleThe Importance of Leadership in Shaping Business Values Long Range Planning 32 IssueID2 166–172 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0024-6301(98)00145-9
J. Collier (1998) ArticleTitleTheorizing the Ethical Organization Business Ethics Quarterly 8 IssueID4 621–654
A. Crane D. Matten (2004) Business Ethics: A European Perspective Oxford University Press Oxford
P. Crittenden (1990) Learning to be Moral: Philosophical Thoughts about Moral Development Humanities Press International London
J. Dobson (1997) ArticleTitleMacIntyre’s Position on Business: A Response to Wicks Business Ethics Quarterly 7 IssueID4 125–132
P. F. Drucker (2001) The Essential Drucker Butterworth-Heinemann Oxford
M. D. Ensley J. W. Carland J. C. Carland (2000) ArticleTitleInvestigating the Existence of the Lead Entrepreneur Journal of Small Business Management 38 IssueID4 59–78
A. Etzioni (1988) The Moral Dimension: Toward a New Economics The Free Press New York
A. Etzioni (2003) ArticleTitleToward a New Socio-economic Paradigm Socio-Economic Review 1 IssueID1 105–118 Occurrence Handle10.1093/soceco/1.1.105
R. Frank (1988) Passions Within Reason: The Strategic Role of the Emotions W.W. Norton & Company London
W. C. Frederick (1992) ArticleTitleThe Empirical Quest for Normative Meaning: Introduction and Overview Business Ethics Quarterly 2 IssueID2 91–98
W. C. Frederick (1995) Values, Nature, and Culture in the American Corporation Oxford University Press New York
C. Handy (2001) The Elephant and the Flea: Looking Backwards to the Future Hutchinson London
C. Handy (2002) ArticleTitleWhat’s a Business For? Harvard Business Review 80 IssueID12 49–55
H. Haugh L. McKee (2004) ArticleTitleThe Cultural Paradigm of the Small Firm Journal of Small Business Management 42 IssueID4 377–394 Occurrence Handle10.1111/j.1540-627X.2004.00118.x
J. Hendry (2004) Between Enterprise and Ethics: Business and Management in a Bimoral Society Oxford University Press Oxford
G. Himmelfarb (1995) The De-moralization of Society: From Victorian Virtues to Modern Values IEA London
C. Horvath (1995) ArticleTitleExcellence v. Effectiveness: MacIntyre’s Critique of Business Business Ethics Quarterly 5 IssueID3 499–532
G. Johnson (1992) ArticleTitleManaging Strategic Change- Strategy, Culture and Action Long Range Planning 25 IssueID1 28–36 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0024-6301(92)90307-N
I. Kant (1998) Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals Cambridge University Press Cambridge
J. M. Keynes (1972) The Economic Possibilities of our Grandchildren D. Moggridge (Eds) Essays in Persuasion Macmillan London
D. Koehn (1995) ArticleTitleA Role for Virtue Ethics in the Analysis of Business Practice Business Ethics Quarterly 5 IssueID3 533–539
T. S. Kuhn (1970) The Structure of Scientific Revolutions EditionNumber2 University of Chicago Press London
J. E. Macdonald C. L. Beck-Dudley (1994) ArticleTitleAre Deontology and Teleology Mutually Exclusive Journal of Business Ethics 13 IssueID8 615–623 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00871809
A. MacIntyre (1985) After Virtue: A Study in Moral Theory EditionNumber2 Duckworth London
I. L. Mangham (1995) ArticleTitleMacIntyre and the Manager Organization Symposium 2 IssueID2 181–204
G. Moore (2003) ArticleTitleHives and Horseshoes, Mintzberg or MacIntyre: What Future for Corporate Social Responsibility Business Ethics: A European Review 12 IssueID1 41–53 Occurrence Handle10.1111/1467-8608.00304
G. Moore (2002) ArticleTitleOn the Implications of the Practice-Institution Distinction: MacIntyre and the Application of Modern Virtue Ethics to Business Business Ethics Quarterly 12 IssueID1 19–32
L. L. Nash (1990) Good Intentions Aside: A Manager’s Guide to Resolving Ethical Problems Harvard Business School Press Boston, MA
L. S. Paine (2003) Value Shift: Why Companies Must Merge Social and Financial Imperatives to Achieve Superior Performance McGraw-Hill London
S. J. Reynolds N. E. Bowie (2004) ArticleTitleA Kantian Perspective on the Characteristics of Ethics Programs Business Ethics Quarterly 14 IssueID2 275–292
E. H. Schein (1984) ArticleTitleComing to a New Awareness of Organizational Culture Sloan Management Review 25 IssueID2 3–16
E. H. Schein (1992) Organizational Culture and Leadership EditionNumber2 Jossey-Bass Publishers San Francisco, CA
B. Shaw F. E. Zollers (1993) ArticleTitleManagers in the Moral Dimension: What Etzioni Might Mean to Corporate Managers Business Ethics Quarterly 3 IssueID2 153–168
R. R. Sims J. Brinkmann (2003) ArticleTitleEnron Ethics (Or: Culture Matters More than Codes) Journal of Business Ethics 45 IssueID3 243–256 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1024194519384
Smith, A.: 1986, The Essential Adam Smith. Edited with introduction by R.L.Heilbroner, New York: Norton.
R. C. Solomon (2004) ArticleTitleAristotle, Ethics and Business Organizations Organization Studies 25 IssueID6 1021–1043 Occurrence Handle10.1177/0170840604042409
R. C. Solomon (1993) Ethics and Excellence: Cooperation and Integrity in Business Oxford University Press Oxford
E. Soule (2002) ArticleTitleManagerial Moral Strategies- In Search of a Few Good Principles Academy of Management Review 27 IssueID1 114–124 Occurrence Handle10.2307/4134372
A. Stark (1993) ArticleTitleWhat’s the Matter with Business Ethics Harvard Business Review 71 IssueID3 38–48
E. Sternberg (2000) Just Business: Business Ethics in Action EditionNumber2 Oxford University Press Oxford
D. Swanson (1992) ArticleTitleA Critical Evaluation of Etzioni’s Socioeconomic Theory: Implications for the Field of Business Ethics Journal of Business Ethics 11 IssueID7 545–553 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00881447
J. T. Whetstone (2003) ArticleTitleThe Language of Managerial Excellence: Virtues as Understood and Applied Journal of Business Ethics 44 IssueID4 343–357 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1023640401539
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Crockett, C. The Cultural Paradigm of Virtue. J Bus Ethics 62, 191–208 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-005-0190-8
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-005-0190-8