Abstract
Contamination of water bodies with dyes has become a serious global concern affecting the whole biosphere. Microwave irradiation and advanced oxidation processes (AOP) have recently gained importance as efficient remediation methods. Indeed, microwave offers special features such as fast, uniform, selective and controlled heating that result in a rapid reaction rate, whereas advanced oxidation processes are able to mineralize any organic pollutant. Here we review microwave-enhanced advanced oxidation processes for the removal or degradation of synthetic dyes, and we compare with conventional treatment methods. We found that microwave-enhanced AOP improve the efficiency of dye degradation. However, cost analyses reveal an economic limitation of microwave-enhanced processes.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abrahart EN (1977) Dyes and their intermediates. Chemical Publishing, New York, pp 1–12
Ajmal A, Majeedb I, Malika RN et al (2016) Photocatalytic degradation of textile dyes on Cu2O–CuO/TiO2 anatase powders. J Environ Chem Eng 4:2138–2146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2016.03.041
Akarslan F, Demiralay H (2015) Effects of textile materials harmful to human health. Acta Phys Pol A 128(2B):B407. https://doi.org/10.12693/APhysPolA.128.B-407
Alfaro MAQ, Ferro S, Martínez-Huitle CA, Vong YM (2006) Boron doped diamond electrode for the wastewater treatment. J Braz Chem Soc 17(2):227–236. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-50532006000200003
Ali H (2010) Biodegradation of synthetic dyes—a review. Water Air Soil Pollut 213:251–273. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-010-0382-4
Al-Qodah Z, Al-Shannag M, Bani-Melhem K, Assirey E, Yahya MA, Al-Shawabkeh A (2018) Free radical-assisted electrocoagulation processes for wastewater treatment. Environ Chem Lett. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-018-0711-1
Alver E, Metin AÜ (2012) Anionic dye removal from aqueous solutions using modified zeolite: adsorption kinetics and isotherm studies. Chem Eng J 200–202:59–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2012.06.038
Appels L, Houtmeyers S, Degrève J, Van Impe J, Dewil R (2013) Influence of microwave pre-treatment on sludge solubilization and pilot scale semi-continuous anaerobic digestion. Bioresour Technol 128:598–603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.11.007
Appleton TJ, Colder RI, Kingman SW, Lowndes IS, Read AG (2005) Microwave technology for energy-efficient processing of waste. Appl Energy 81(1):85–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2004.07.002
Asgher M, Bhatti HN (2012) Evaluation of thermodynamics and effect of chemical treatments on sorption potential of (Citrus) waste biomass for removal of anionic dyes from aqueous solutions. Ecol Eng 38(1):79–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2011.10.004
Avlonitis SA, Poulios I, Sotiriou D, Pappas M, Moutesidis K (2008) Simulated cotton dye effluents treatment and reuse by nanofiltration. Desalination 221:259–267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2007.01.082
Ayadi I, Souissi Y, Jlassi I, Peixoto F, Mnif W (2016) Chemical synonyms, molecular structure and toxicological risk assessment of synthetic textile dyes: a critical review. J Develop Drugs 5(1):1000151. https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6631.1000151
Banat F, Al-Asheh S, Nusair M (2005) Photodegradation of methylene blue dye by the UV/H2O2 and UV/acetone oxidation processes. Desalination 181(1–3):225–232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2005.04.005
Bansal RC, Goyal M (2005) Activated carbon adsorption. CRC Press, Boca Raton
Barragan BE, Costa C, Carmen Marquez M (2007) Biodegradation of azo dyes by bacteria inoculated on solid media. Dyes Pigments 75:73–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2006.05.014
Barros WRP, Steter JR, Lanza MRV, Motheo AJ (2014) Degradation of amaranth dye in alkaline medium by ultrasonic cavitation coupled with electrochemical oxidation using a boron-doped diamond anode. Electrochim Acta 143:180–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2014.07.141
Baruah S, Dutta J (2009) Nanotechnology applications in pollution sensing and degradation in agriculture: a review. Environ Chem Lett 7:191–204. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-009-0228-8
Bautitz IR, Nogueira RFP (2007) Degradation of tetracycline by photo-Fenton process—solar irradiation and matrix effect. J Photochem Photobiol A 187:33–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2006.09.009
Behnajady MA, Modirshahla N (2006) Evaluation of electrical energy per order (EEO) with kinetic modeling on photooxidative degradation of CI acid orange 7 in a tubular continuous-flow photoreactor. Ind Eng Chem Res 45:553–557. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie050111c
Behnajady MA, Modirshahla N, Shokri M (2004) Photodestruction of Acid Orange 7 (AO7) in aqueous solutions by UV/H2O2: influence of operational parameters. Chemosphere 55:129–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.10.054
Behnajady MA, Vahid B, Modirshahla N, Shokri M (2009) Evaluation of electrical energy per order (EEO) with kinetic modeling on the removal of Malachite Green by US/UV/H2O2 process. Desalination 249:99–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2008.07.025
Bi X, Wang P, Jiao C, Cao H (2009) Degradation of remazol golden yellow dye wastewater in microwave enhanced ClO2 catalytic oxidation process. J Hazard Mater 168:895–900. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.02.108
Bolton JR, Bircher KG, Tumas W, Tolman CA (2001) Figures-of-merit for the technical development and application of advanced oxidation technologies for both electric- and solar-driven systems (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure Appl Chem 73(4):627–637. https://doi.org/10.1351/pac200173040627
Bottrel S, Amorim C, Ramos V, Romão G, Leao M (2015) Ozonation and peroxone oxidation of ethylenethiourea in water: operational parameter optimization and by-product identification. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22:903–908. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3616-y
Bouaziz I, Chiron C, Abdelhedi R, Savall A, Groenen Serrano K (2014) Treatment of dilute methylene blue-containing wastewater by coupling sawdust adsorption and electrochemical regeneration. Environ Sci Pollut Res 21:8565–8572. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-2785-z
Buthelezi SP, Olaniran AO, Pillay B (2012) Textile dye removal from waste- water effluents using bioflocculants produced by indigenous bacterial isolates. Molecules 17(12):14260–14274. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules171214260
Cai YJ, Lin LN, Xia DS, Zeng QF, Zhu HL (2011) Degradation of reactive brilliant red X-3B dye by microwave electrodeless UV irradiation. Clean Soil Air Water 39(1):68–73. https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.201000107
Cai MQ, Zhu YZ, Wei ZS, Hu JQ, Pan SD, Xiao RY, Dong CY, Jin MC (2017) Rapid decolorization of dye Orange G by microwave enhanced Fenton-like reaction with delafossite-type CuFeO2. Sci Total Environ 580:966–973. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.047
Chatterjee S, Chatterjee S, Chatterjee BP, Guha AK (2007) Adsorptive removal of congo red, a carcinogenic textile dye by chitosan hydrobeads: binding mechanism, equilibrium and kinetics. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 299(1):146–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2006.11.036
Cheremisinoff NP (2002) Handbook of water and wastewater treatment technologies. Butterworth Heinemann, Boston. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-075067498-0/50000-0
Chiang LC, Chang JE, Wen TC (1995) Indirect oxidation effect in electrochemical oxidation treatment of landfill leachate. Water Res 29:671–678. https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(94)00146-X
Christie RM (2007) Environmental aspects of textile dyeing. Woodhead, Boca Raton. https://doi.org/10.1533/9781845693091
Církva V, Zabová H (2010) Thin nanoporous titania films on the electrodeless discharge lamps for photocatalysis. In: Castello GK (ed) Handbook of photocatalysts: preparation, structure and applications. Nova Science Publishers, New York, pp 103–151
Clarke E, Anliker R (1980) Organic dyes and pigments. Handb Environ Chem 3(Part A):181–215. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-38522-6_7
Crane RA, Scott TB (2012) Nanoscale zero-valent iron: future prospects for an emerging water treatment technology. J Hazard Mater 211–212:112–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.11.073
Cravotto G, Binello A, Di Carlo S, Orio L, Wu Z-L, Ondruschka B (2010) Oxidative degradation of chlorophenol derivatives promoted by microwaves or power ultrasound: a mechanism investigation. Environ Sci Pollut Res 17:674–687. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-009-0253-y
Crini G (2006) Non-conventional low-cost adsorbents for dye removal: a review. Bioresour Technol 97(9):1061–1085. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2005.05.001
Curcio MS, Oliveira MP, Waldman WR, Sánchez B, Canela MC (2015) TiO2 sol–gel for formaldehyde photodegradation using polymeric support: photocatalysis efficiency versus material stability. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22:800–809. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-2683-4
Daneshvar N, Aleboyeh A, Khataee AR (2005) The evaluation of electrical energy per order (EEo) for photooxidative decolorization of four textile dye solutions by the kinetic model. Chemosphere 59:761–767. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.11.012
Dantas RF, Contreras S, Sans C, Esplugas S (2008) Sulfamethoxazole abatement by means of ozonation. J Hazard Mater 150:790–794. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.05.034
Dasgupta N, Ranjan S, Ramalingam C (2017) Applications of nanotechnology in agriculture and water quality management. Environ Chem Lett 15(4):591–605. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-017-0648-9
Demirbas A (2009) Agricultural based activated carbons for the removal of dyes from aqueous solutions: a review. J Hazard Mater 167(1–3):1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.12.114
Diagne M, Sharma VK, Oturan N, Oturan MA (2014) Depollution of indigo dye by anodic oxidation and electro-Fenton using B-doped diamond anode. Environ Chem Lett 12:219–224. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-013-0437-z
Dinçer AR, Günes Y, Karakaya N, Günes E (2007) Comparison of activated carbon and bottom ash for removal of reactive dye from aqueous solution. Bioresour Technol 98:834–839. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2006.03.009
Dogan D, Turkdemir H (2005) Electrochemical oxidation of textile dye indigo. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 80:916–923. https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.1262
dos Santos AB, Cervantes FJ, van Lier JB (2007) Review paper on current technologies for decolourisation of textile wastewaters: perspectives for anaerobic biotechnology. Bioresour Technol 98:2369–2385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2006.11.013
Duan X, Sun H, Kang J, Wang Y, Indrawirawan S, Wang S (2015) Insights into heterogeneous catalysis of persulfate activation on dimensional-structured nanocarbons. ACS Catal 5:4629–4636. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.5b00774
Dutta K, Mukhopadhyay S, Bhattacharjee S, Chaudhuri B (2001) Chemical oxidation of methylene blue using a Fenton-like reaction. J Hazard Mater 84:57–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3894(01)00202-3
Ebenezer AV, Arulazhagan P, Kumar SA, Yeom I-T, Banu JR (2015) Effect of deflocculation on the efficiency of low-energy microwave pretreatment and anaerobic biodegradation of waste activated sludge. Appl Energy 145:104–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.01.133
Fang X, Xiao J, Yang S, He H, Sun C (2015) Investigation on microwave absorbing properties of loaded MnFe2O4 and degradation of reactive brilliant red X-3B. Appl Catal B Environ 162:544–550. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2014.07.022
Faouzi AM, Nasr B, Abdellatif G (2007) Electrochemical degradation of anthraquinone dye Alizarin Red S by anodic oxidation on boron-doped diamond. Dyes Pigments 73:86–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2005.10.013
Fast SA, Gude VG, Truax DD, Martin J, Magbanua BS (2017) A critical evaluation of advanced oxidation processes for emerging contaminants removal. Environ Process 4:283–302. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40710-017-0207-1
Ferrari C, Longo I, Tombari E, Bramanti E (2009) A novel microwave photochemical reactor for the oxidative decomposition of Acid Orange 7 azo dye by MW/UV/H2O2 process. J Photochem Photobiol A 204:115–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2009.03.001
Ferrari C, Longo I, Tombari E, Gasperini L (2010) A new integrated photoreactor for microwave assisted decolorization Acid Orange 7 (AO7) in aqueous solutions. Int J Chem React Eng 8:A72. https://doi.org/10.2202/1542-6580.2134
Frijters CTMJ, Vos RH, Scheffer G, Mulder R (2006) Decolorizing and detoxifying textile wastewater, containing both soluble and insoluble dyes, in a full scale combined anaerobic/aerobic system. Water Res 40:1249–1257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2006.01.013
Fu Y, Viraraghavan T (2001) Fungal decolorization of dye wastewaters: a review. Bioresour Technol 79(3):251–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(01)00028-1
Fu J, Xu Z, Li QS, Chen S, An SQ, Zeng QF, Zhu HL (2010) Treatment of simulated wastewater containing Reactive Red 195 by zero-valent iron/activated carbon combined with microwave discharge electrodeless lamp/sodium hypochlorite. J Environ Sci 22:512–518. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-0742(09)60142-X
Fu F, Dionysiou DD, Liu H (2014) The use of zero-valent iron for groundwater remediation and wastewater treatment: a review. J Hazard Mater 267:194–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.12.062
Fujishima A, Zhang X, Tryk DA (2007) Heterogeneous photocatalysis: from water photolysis to applications in environmental cleanup. Int J Hydrogen Energy 32:2664–2672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2006.09.009
Gao YQ, Gao NY, Deng Y, Yang YQ, Ma Y (2012) Ultraviolet (UV) light-activated persulfate oxidation of sulfamethazine in water. Chem Eng J 195:248–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2012.04.084
Gao J, Yang S, Li N, Meng L, Wang F, He H, Sun C (2016) Rapid degradation of azo dye Direct Black BN by magnetic MgFe2O4-SiC under microwave radiation. Appl Surf Sci 379:140–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.04.041
García MC, Mora M, Esquivel D, Foster JE, Rodero A, Jiménez-Sanchidrián C, Romero-Salguero FJ (2017) Microwave atmospheric pressure plasma jets for wastewater treatment: degradation of methylene blue as a model dye. Chemosphere 180:239–246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.03.126
Giokas DL, Vlessidis AG (2007) Application of a novel chemometric approach to the determination of aqueous photolysis rates of organic compounds in natural waters. Talanta 71:288–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2006.03.060
Gligorovski S, Strekowski R, Barbati S, Vione D (2015) Environmental implications of hydroxyl radicals (·OH). Chem Rev 115:13051–13092. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr500310b
Gole VL, Gogate PR (2014) Degradation of brilliant green dye using combined treatment strategies based on different irradiations. Sep Purif Technol 133:212–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2014.07.002
Gude VG, Martinez-Guerra E (2017) Green chemistry with process intensification for sustainable biodiesel production. Environ Chem Lett. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-017-0680-9
Gupta VK, Suhas (2009) Application of low-cost adsorbents for dye removal—a review. J Environ Manag 90(8):2313–2342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2008.11.017
Gupta VK, Kumar R, Nayak A, Saleh TA, Barakat MA (2013) Adsorptive removal of dyes from aqueous solution onto carbon nanotubes: a review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 193–194:24–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2013.03.003
Hájek M (2006) Microwave catalysis in organic synthesis. In: Loupy A (ed) Microwaves in organic synthesis. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, pp 615–652. https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527619559.ch13
Hariharasuthan R, Rao AN, Bhaskaran A (2013) Adsorption studies on reactive blue 4 by varying the concentration of MgO in Sorel’s cement. Int J Eng Sci 2(1):287–292
He Z, Sun C, Yang S, Ding Y, He H, Wang Z (2009a) Photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B by Bi2WO6 with electron accepting agent under microwave irradiation: mechanism and pathway. J Hazard Mater 162:1477–1486. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.06.047
He H, Yang S, Yu K, Ju Y, Sun C, Wang L (2009b) Microwave induced catalytic degradation of crystal violet in nano-nickel dioxide suspensions. J Hazard Mater 173:393–400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.08.084
Hernandez R, Zappi M, Colucci J, Jones R (2002) Comparing the performance of various advanced oxidation processes for treatment of acetone contaminated water. J Hazard Mater 92:33–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3894(01)00371-5
Herrero MA, Kremsner JM, Kappe CO (2008) Nonthermal microwave effects revisited: on the importance of internal temperature monitoring and agitation in microwave chemistry. J Org Chem 73:36–47. https://doi.org/10.1021/jo7022697
Hidaka H, Saitou A, Honjou H, Hosoda K, Moriya M, Serpone N (2007) Microwave assisted dechlorination of polychlorobenzenes by hypophosphite anions in aqueous alkaline media in the presence of Pd-loaded active carbon. J Hazard Mater 148:22–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.01.143
Homem V, Santos L (2011) Degradation and removal methods of antibiotics from aqueous matrices-a review. J Environ Manag 92(10):2304–2347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.05.023
Hong J, Sun C, Yang SG, Liu YZ (2006) Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue in TiO2 aqueous suspensions using microwave powered electrodeless discharge lamps. J Hazard Mater 133:162–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.10.004
Hong J, Ta N, Yanga S, Liu Y, Sun C (2007) Microwave-assisted direct photolysis of bromophenol blue using electrodeless discharge lamps. Desalination 214:62–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2006.09.026
Hong J, Yuan N, Wang Y, Qi S (2012) Efficient degradation of Rhodamine B in microwave-H2O2 system at alkaline pH. Chem Eng J 191:364–368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2012.03.032
Horikoshi S, Serpone N (2014) Role of microwaves in heterogeneous catalytic systems. Catal Sci Technol 4:1197–1210. https://doi.org/10.1039/C3CY00753G
Horikoshi S, Hidaa H, Serpone N (2002a) Environmental remediation by an integrated microwave/microwave-assisted degradation of Rhodamine-B dye in aqueous TiO2 dispersions. Environ Sci Technol 36(6):1357–1366. https://doi.org/10.1021/es010941r
Horikoshi S, Hidaka H, Serpone N (2002b) Environmental remediation by an integrated microwave/UV-illumination method II. Characteristics of a novel UV–VIS–microwave integrated irradiation device in photodegradation processes. J Photochem Photobiol A 153:185–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1010-6030(02)00263-0
Horikoshi S, Hidaka H, Serpone N (2003a) Hydroxyl radicals in microwave photocatalysis. Enhanced formation of OH radicals probed by ESR techniques in microwave-assisted photocatalysis in aqueous TiO2 dispersions. Chem Phys Lett 376:475–480. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2614(03)01007-8
Horikoshi S, Saitou A, Hidaka H, Serpone N (2003b) Environmental remediation by an integrated microwave/UV illumination method. V. Thermal and nonthermal effects of microwave radiation on the photocatalyst and on the photodegradation of Rhodamine-B under UV/Vis radiation. Environ Sci Technol 37(24):5813–5822. https://doi.org/10.1021/es030326i
Houtmeyers S, Degrève J, Willems K, Dewil R, Appels L (2014) Comparing the influence of low power ultrasonic and microwave pre-treatments on the solubilisation and semi-continuous anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge. Bioresour Technol 171:44–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.08.029
Huddersman K, Palitsin AV (2017) Modelling and simulation of a novel pilot-scale microwave assisted catalytic reactor for continuous flow treatment of wastewaters. In: Mannina G (ed) Frontiers in wastewater treatment and modelling. Springer, Berlin, pp 644–649. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58421-8_101
Hunger K (2003) Industrial dyes: chemistry, properties, applications. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. https://doi.org/10.1002/3527602011
Ikehata K, Naghashkar NJ, El-Din MG (2006) Degradation of aqueous pharmaceuticals by ozonation and advanced oxidation processes: a review. Ozone Sci Eng 28:353–414. https://doi.org/10.1080/01919510600985937
Jara CC, Fino D, Specchia V, Saracco G, Spinelli P (2007) Electrochemical removal of antibiotics from wastewater. Appl Catal B 70:479–487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2005.11.035
Ju YM, Yang SG, Ding YC, Sun C, Zhang A, Wang L (2008) Microwave-assisted rapid photocatalytic degradation of malachite green in TiO2 suspensions: mechanism and pathways. J Phys Chem A 112:11172–11177. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp804439z
Ju YM, Yang SG, Ding YC, Sun C, Gu CG, He Z, Qin C, He H, Xu B (2009) Microwave-enhanced H2O2-based process for treatment aqueous malachite green solutions: intermediates and degradation mechanism. J Hazard Mater 171:123–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.05.120
Jung SC (2011) The microwave-assisted photo-catalytic degradation of organic dyes. Water Sci Technol 63(7):1491–1498. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.393
Kadirvelu K, Kavipriya M, Karthika C, Radhika M, Vennilamani N, Pattabhi S (2003) Utilization of various agricultural wastes for activated carbon preparation and application for the removal of dyes and metal ions from aqueous solutions. Bioresour Technol 87:129–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(02)00201-8
Kanakaraju D, Glass BD, Oelgemöller M (2014) Titanium dioxide photocatalysis for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment. Environ Chem Lett 12:27–47. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-013-0428-0
Kappe CO (2004) Controlled microwave heating in modern organic synthesis. Angew Chem 43:6250–6284. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200400655
Kariyajjanavar P, Narayana J, Nayaka YA (2013) Degradation of textile dye C.I. Vat Black 27 by electrochemical method by using carbon electrodes. J Environ Chem Eng 1(4):975–980. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2013.08.002
Kenge AA, Liao PH, Lo KV (2009) Treating solid dairy manure using microwave-enhanced advanced oxidation process. J Environ Sci Health B 44(6):606–612. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601230903000693
Khan S, Malik A (2014) Environmental and health effects of textile industry wastewater. In: Malik A, Grohmann E, Akhtar R (eds) Environmental deterioration and human health. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 55–71. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7890-0_4
Khataee AR, Khataee HR (2008) Photooxidative removal of the herbicide Acid Blue 9 in the presence of hydrogen peroxide: modeling of the reaction for evaluation of electrical energy per order (EEO). J Environ Sci Health B 43:562–568. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601230802234385
Kim SJ, Kim SC, Seo SG, Lee DJ, Lee H, Park SH, Jung SC (2011) Photocatalyzed destruction of organic dyes using microwave/UV/O3/H2O2/TiO2 oxidation system. Catal Today 164(1):384–390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2010.10.025
Kim T, Lee J, Lee KH (2014) Microwave heating of carbon-based solid materials. Carbon Lett 15(1):15–24. https://doi.org/10.5714/CL.2014.15.1.015
Klán P, Literák J, Hájek M (1999) The electrodeless discharge lamp: a prospective tool for photochemistry. J Photochem Photobiol A 128:145–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1010-6030(99)00165-3
Klm YB, Ahn JH (2014) Microwave-assisted decolorization and decomposition of methylene blue with persulfate. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 95:208–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2014.03.023
Kobya M, Demirbas E, Senturk E, Ince M (2005) Adsorption of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions by activated carbon prepared from apricot stone. Bioresour Technol 96(13):1518–1521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2004.12.005
Kommineni S, Zoeckler J, Stocking A, Liang PS, Flores A, Rodriguez R, Browne T, Roberts PR, Brown A (2000) Chapter 3.0 Advanced oxidation processes. In: Melin G (ed) Treatment technologies for removal of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) from drinking water: air stripping, advanced oxidation processes, granular actived carbon and synthetic resin sorbents, 2nd edn. National Water Research Institute, Fountain Valley, pp 109–208
Kraft A (2007) Doped diamond: a compact review on a new, versatile electrode material. Int J Electrochem Sci 2:355–385
Krishnan S, Rawindran H, Sinnathambi CM, Lim JW (2017) Comparison of various advanced oxidation processes used in remediation of industrial wastewater laden with recalcitrant pollutants. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng 206:012089. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/206/1/012089
Kuan W, Chen C, Hu C, Tzou Y (2013) Kinetic modeling for microwave-enhanced degradation of methylene blue using manganese oxide. Int J Photoenergy. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/916849
Lacombe S, Fresno F, Štangar UL (2014) Photocatalysis: new highlights from JEP 2013. Environ Sci Pollut Res 21(19):11111–11115. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3192-1
Lanzarini-Lopes M, Garcia-Segura S, Hristovski K, Westerhoff P (2017) Electrical energy per order and current efficiency for electrochemical oxidation of p-chlorobenzoic acid with boron-doped diamond anode. Chemosphere 188:304–311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.08.145
Lazar T (2005) Color chemistry: synthesis, properties, and applications of organic dyes and pigments. Color Res Appl 30(4):313–314. https://doi.org/10.1002/col.20132
Leitner NKV (2017) Sulfate radical ion-based AOPs (Chapter 10). In: Stefan MI (ed) Advanced oxidation processes for water treatment: fundamentals and applications. IWA Publishing, London, pp 429–460
Li Y, Zheng L, Wu T (2012) Oxidation treatment of reactive red X-3B dyestuff wastewater by microwave-Fenton process. J Shenyang Jianzhu Univ (Nat Sci) 28(6):1093–1097
Liang C, Su HW (2009) Identification of sulfate and hydroxyl radicals in thermally activated persulfate. Ind Eng Chem Res 48:5558–5562. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie9002848
Liang R, Hu A, Hatat-Fraile M, Zhou N (2014) Fundamentals on adsorption, membrane filtration, and advanced oxidation processes for water treatment. In: Hu A, Apblett A (eds) Nanotechnology for water treatment and purification. Springer, Berlin, pp 1–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06578-6_1
Literák J, Klán P (2000) The electrodeless discharge lamp: a prospective tool for photochemistry Part 2. Scope and limitation. J Photochem Photobiol A 137:29–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1010-6030(00)00335-X
Liu SQ (2012) Magnetic semiconductor nano-photocatalysts for the degradation of organic pollutants. Environ Chem Lett 10:209–216. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-011-0348-9
Liu ST, Huang J, Ye Y, Zhang AB, Pan L, Chen XG (2013) Microwave enhanced Fenton process for the removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution. Chem Eng J 215–216:586–590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2012.11.003
Liu ST, Zhang AB, Yan KK, Ye Y, Chen XG (2014a) Microwave-enhanced catalytic degradation of methylene blue by porous MFe2O4 (M = Mn, Co) nanocomposites: pathways and mechanisms. Sep Purif Technol 135:35–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2014.07.049
Liu X, An S, Shi W, Yang Q, Zhang L (2014b) Microwave-induced catalytic oxidation of malachite green under magnetic Cu-ferrites: new insight into the degradation mechanism and pathway. J Mol Catal A Chem 395:243–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcata.2014.08.028
Liu X, Zhang T, Xu D, Zhang L (2016) Microwave-assisted catalytic degradation of crystal violet with barium ferrite nanomaterial. Ind Eng Chem Res 55:11869–11877. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.6b01762
Lo KV, Liao PH (2011) Microwave enhanced advanced oxidation in the treatment of dairy manure. In: Chandra U (ed) Microwave heating. InTech-Open Access Publisher, Rijeka, pp 91–106. https://doi.org/10.5772/24878
Lo KV, Ning R, de Oliveira CKY, Zetter MD, Srinivasan A, Liao PH (2017) Application of microwave oxidation process for sewage sludge treatment in a continuous-flow system. J Environ Eng 143(9):04017050. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0001247
Lopes A, Martins S, Morao A, Magrinho M, Gonçalves I (2004) Degradation of a textile dye C.I. direct red 80 by electrochemical processes. Port Electrochim Acta 22:279–294
Lovato ME, Gilliard MB, Cassano AE, Martín CA (2015) Kinetics of the degradation of n-butyl benzyl phthalate using O3/UV, direct photolysis, direct ozonation and UV effects. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22:909–917. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-2796-9
Mahamuni NN, Adewuyi YG (2010) Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) involving ultrasound for waste water treatment: a review with emphasis on cost estimation. Ultrason Sonochem 17:990–1003. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2009.09.005
Mahmood MA, Baruah S, Anal AK, Dutta J (2012) Heterogeneous photocatalysis for removal of microbes from water. Environ Chem Lett 10:145–151. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-011-0347-x
Malik R, Ramteke DS, Wate SR (2007) Adsorption of malachite green on groundnut shell waste based powdered activated carbon. Waste Manag 27:1129–1138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2006.06.009
Mandal S, Natarajan S (2015) Adsorption and catalytic degradation of organic dyes in water using ZnO/ZnxFe3−xO4 mixed oxides. J Environ Chem Eng 3(2):1185–1193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2015.04.021
Manenti DR, Soares PA, Silva TFCV et al (2015) Performance evaluation of different solar advanced oxidation processes applied to the treatment of a real textile dyeing wastewater. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22:833–845. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-2767-1
Mao Y, Xi Z, Wang W, Ma C, Yue Q (2015) Kinetics of Solvent Blue and Reactive Yellow removal using microwave radiation in combination with nanoscale zero-valent iron. J Environ Sci 30:164–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2014.09.030
Mao Y, Xu J, Ma C (2016) A continuous microwave/nZVI treatment system for malachite green removal: system setup and parameter optimization. Desalin Water Treat 57:24395–24405. https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2016.1141326
Matzek LW, Carter KE (2016) Activated persulfate for organic chemical degradation: a review. Chemosphere 151:178–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.02.055
Mawioo PM, Hooijmans CM, Garcia HA, Brdjanovic D (2016) Microwave treatment of faecal sludge from intensively used toilets in the slums of Nairobi, Kenya. J Environ Manag 184:575–584. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.10.019
Měšťánková H, Mailhot G, Jirkovský J, Krýsa J, Bolte M (2009) Effect of iron speciation on the photodegradation of Monuron in combined photocatalytic systems with immobilized or suspended TiO2. Environ Chem Lett 7:127–132. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-008-0145-2
Mezohegyi G, van der Zee FP, Font J, Fortuny A, Fabregat A (2012) Towards advanced aqueous dye removal processes: a short review on the versatile role of activated carbon. J Environ Manag 102:148–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.02.021
Michael I, Frontistis Z, Fatta-Kassinos D (2013) Chapter 11 Removal of pharmaceuticals from environmentally relevant matrices by advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). In: Barcelo D (ed) Comprehensive analytical chemistry (vol 62: analysis, removal, effects and risk of pharmaceuticals in the water cycle), 2nd edn. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 345–407. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-62657-8.00011-2
Milenova K, Avramova I, Eliyas A, Blaskov V, Stambolova I, Kassabova N (2014) Application of activated M/ZnO (M = Mn Co, Ni, Cu, Ag) in photocatalytic degradation of diazo textile coloring dye. Environ Sci Pollut Res 21(21):12249–12256. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-2955-z
Miralles-Cuevas S, Oller I, Pérez JAS, Malato S (2015) Application of solar photo-Fenton at circumneutral pH to nanofiltration concentrates for removal of pharmaceuticals in MWTP effluents. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22:846–855. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-2871-2
Molla A, Sahu M, Hussain S (2016) Synthesis of tunable band gap semiconductor nickel sulphide nanoparticles: rapid and round the clock degradation of organic dyes. Sci Rep 6:26034. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep26034
Monteiro RAR, Lopes FVS, Boaventura RAR, Silva AMT, Vilar VJP (2015) Synthesis and characterization of N-modified titania nanotubes for photocatalytic applications. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22:810–819. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-2943-3
Moradi SE, Dadfarnia S, Shabani AMH, Emami S (2017) Microwave-enhanced Fenton-like degradation by surface-modified metal-organic frameworks as a promising method for removal of dye from aqueous samples. Turk J Chem 41:426–439. https://doi.org/10.3906/kim-1607-5
Moreira AJ, Pinheiro BS, Araújo AF, Freschi GPG (2016) Evaluation of atrazine degradation applied to different energy systems. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23:18502–18511. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6831-x
Mudhoo A, Sharma SK (2011) Microwave irradiation technology in waste sludge and wastewater treatment research. Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol 41(11):999–1066. https://doi.org/10.1080/10643380903392767
Müler P, Klán P, Církva V (2003) The electrodeless discharge lamp: a prospective tool for photochemistry: Part 4. Temperature and envelope material dependent emission characteristics. J Photochem Photobiol A 158:1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1010-6030(03)00101-1
Müler P, Klán P, Církva V (2005) The electrodeless discharge lamp: a prospective tool for photochemistry. Part 5: fill material-dependent emission characteristics. J Photochem Photobiol A 171:51–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2004.09.007
Nascimento UM, Azevedo EB (2013) Microwaves and their coupling to advanced oxidation processes: enhanced performance in pollutants degradation. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 48(9):1056–1072. https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2013.773822
Nidheesh PV, Gandhimathi R (2014a) Comparative removal of Rhodamine B from aqueous solution by electro-Fenton and electro-Fenton-like processes. Clean Soil Air Water 42(6):779–784. https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.201300093
Nidheesh PV, Gandhimathi R (2014b) Electrolytic removal of Rhodamine B from aqueous solution by peroxicoagulation process. Environ Sci Pollut Res 21:8585–8594. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-2775-1
Nüchter M, Müller U, Ondruschka B, Tied A, Lautenschlager W (2003) Review: microwave-assisted chemical reactions. Chem Eng Technol 26:1207–1216. https://doi.org/10.1002/ceat.200301836
Nuengmatcha P, Chanthai S, Mahachai R, Oh WC (2016) Visible light-driven photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B and industrial dyes (texbrite BAC-L and texbrite NFW-L) by ZnO-graphene-TiO2 composite. J Environ Chem Eng 4(2):2170–2177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2016.03.045
Oncu NB, Balcioglu IA (2013) Microwave-assisted chemical oxidation of biological waste sludge: simultaneous micropollutant degradation and sludge solubilization. Bioresour Technol 146:126–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.07.043
Osman H, Su Z, Ma X (2017) Efficient photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B dye using ZnO/graphitic C3N4 nanocomposites synthesized by microwave. Environ Chem Lett 15(3):435–441. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-017-0604-8
Pan F, Luo Y, Zhang LR, Fu J (2011) Degradation of reactive brilliant red X-3B by zero-valent iron/activated carbon system in the presence of microwave irradiation. Water Sci Technol 64(12):2345–2351. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.827
Panizza M, Cerisola G (2009) Direct and mediated anodic oxidation of organic pollutants. Chem Rev 109:6541–6569. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr9001319
Park SH, Kim SJ, Seo SG, Jung SC (2010) Assessment of microwave/UV/O3 in the photo-catalytic degradation of Bromothymol Blue in aqueous nano TiO2 particles dispersions. Nanoscale Res Lett 5:1627–1632. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11671-010-9686-y
Parolin F, Nascimento UM, Azevedo EB (2013) Microwave-enhanced UV/H2O2 degradation of an azo dye (tartrazine): optimization, colour removal, mineralization and ecotoxicity. Environ Technol 34(10):1247–1253. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2012.744431
Patil NN, Shukla SR (2015) Degradation of Reactive Yellow 145 dye by persulfate using microwave and conventional heating. J Water Process Eng 7:314–327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2015.08.003
Pedro JS, Valente S, Padilha PM, Florentino AO (2006) Studies in the adsorption and kinetics of photodegradation of a model compound for heterogeneous photocatalysis onto TiO2. Chemosphere 64(7):1128–1133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.11.050
Pouran SR, Aziz AA, Daud WM (2015) Review on the main advances in photo-Fenton oxidation system for recalcitrant wastewaters. J Ind Eng Chem 21:53–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2014.05.005
Purkait M, DasGupta S, De S (2005) Adsorption of eosin dye on activated carbon and its surfactant based desorption. J Environ Manag 76(2):135–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2005.01.012
Qu D, Qiang Z, Xiao S, Liu Q, Lei Y, Zhou T (2014) Degradation of Reactive Black 5 in a submerged photocatalytic membrane distillation reactor with microwave electrodeless lamps as light source. Sep Purif Technol 122:54–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2013.11.004
Rai HS, Bhattacharyya MS, Singh J, Bansal TK, Vats P, Banerjee UC (2005) Removal of dyes from the effluent of textile and dyestuff manufacturing industry: a review of emerging techniques with reference to biological treatment. Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol 35:219–238. https://doi.org/10.1080/10643380590917932
Rǎileanu M, Crişan M, Niţoi I et al (2013) TiO2-based nanomaterials with photocatalytic properties for the advanced degradation of xenobiotic compounds from water. A literature survey. Water Air Soil Pollut 224(6):1548-1–1548-45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-013-1548-7
Ramos DD, Bezerra PCS, Quina FH et al (2015) Synthesis and characterization of TiO2 and TiO2/Ag for use in photodegradation of methylviologen, with kinetic study by laser flash photolysis. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22:774–783. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-2678-1
Ranjan S, Ramalingam C (2016) Titanium dioxide nanoparticles induce bacterial membrane rupture by reactive oxygen species generation. Environ Chem Lett 14:487–494. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-016-0586-y
Ranjan S, Dasgupta N, Rajendran B, Avadhani GS, Ramalingam C, Kumar A (2016) Microwave-irradiation-assisted hybrid chemical approach for titanium dioxide nanoparticle synthesis: microbial and cytotoxicological evaluation. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23:12287–12302. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6440-8
Rayaroth MP, Aravind UK, Aravindakumar CT (2016) Degradation of pharmaceuticals by ultrasound-based advanced oxidation process. Environ Chem Lett 14:259–290. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-016-0568-0
Remya N, Lin JG (2011) Current status of microwave application in wastewater treatment—a review. Chem Eng J 166(3):797–813. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2010.11.100
Riaz U, Ashraf SM, Aqib M (2014) Microwave-assisted degradation of acid orange using a conjugated polymer, polyaniline, as catalyst. Arab J Chem 7(1):79–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.07.001
Riaz U, Ashraf SM, Ruhela A (2015) Catalytic degradation of orange G under microwave irradiation with a novel nanohybrid catalyst. J Environ Chem Eng 3:20–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2014.06.010
Riaz U, Ashraf SM, Budhiraja V, Aleem S, Kashyap J (2016) Comparative studies of the photocatalytic and microwave–assisted degradation of alizarin red using ZnO/poly (1-naphthylamine) nanohybrids. J Mol Liq 216:259–267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2016.01.018
Robinson T, McMullan G, Marchant R, Nigam P (2001) Remediation of dyes in textile effluent: a critical review on current treatment technologies with a proposed alternative. Bioresour Technol 77(3):247–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(00)00080-8
Saez C, Panizza M, Rodrigo MA, Cerisola G (2007) Electrochemical incineration of dyes using a boron-doped diamond anode. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 82:575–581. https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.1703
Salleh MAM, Mahmoud DK, Karim WAWA, Idris A (2011) Cationic and anionic dye adsorption by agricultural solid wastes: a comprehensive review. Desalination 280(1–3):1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2011.07.019
Samanta SK, Basak T, Sengupta B (2008) Theoretical analysis on microwave heating of oil-water emulsions supported on ceramic, metallic or composite plates. Int J Heat Mass Transf 51:6136–6156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2008.04.003
Sanz J, Lombrana JI, De Luis AM, Ortueta M, Varona F (2003) Microwave and Fenton’s reagent oxidation of wastewater. Environ Chem Lett 1(1):45–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-002-0007-2
Serpone N, Horikoshi S, Emeline AV (2010) Microwaves in advanced oxidation processes for environmental applications. A brief review. J Photochem Photobiol C Photochem Rev 11(2–3):114–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2010.07.003
Shen D, Fan J, Zhou W, Gao B, Yue Q, Kang Q (2009) Adsorption kinetics and isotherm of anionic dyes onto organo-bentonite from single and multisolute systems. J Hazard Mater 172:99–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.06.139
Shi BY, Li GH, Wang DS, Feng CH, Tang HX (2007) Removal of direct dyes by coagulation: the performance of preformed polymeric aluminum species. J Hazard Mater 143:567–574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.09.076
Shi W, Li Q, An S, Zhang T, Zhang L (2016) Magnetic nanosized calcium ferrite particles for efficient degradation of crystal violet using a microwave-induced catalytic method: insight into the degradation pathway. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 91:367–374. https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.4578
Shiying Y, Ping W, Xin Y, Guang W, Zhang W, Liang S (2009) A novel advanced oxidation process to degrade organic pollutants in wastewater: microwave-activated persulfate oxidation. J Environ Sci 21:1175–1180. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-0742(08)62399-2
Shukla S, Oturan MA (2015) Dye removal using electrochemistry and semiconductor oxide nanotubes. Environ Chem Lett 13:157–172. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-015-0501-y
Singh S, Lien S, Chandra V, Devidas A (2016) Comparative study of electrochemical oxidation for dye degradation: parametric optimization and mechanism identification. J Environ Chem Eng 4(3):2911–2921. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2016.05.036
Sirés I, Brillas E, Oturan MA, Rodrigo MA, Panizza M (2014) Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes: today and tomorrow. A review. Environ Sci Pollut Res 21(14):8336–8367. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-2783-1
Srinivasan A, Liao PH, Lo KV (2016) Microwave treatment of dairy manure for resource recovery: reaction kinetics and energy analysis. J Environ Sci Health B 51(12):840–846. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2016.1208464
Stefaniuk M, Oleszczuk P, Ok YS (2016) Review on nano zerovalent iron (nZVI): from synthesis to environmental applications. Chem Eng J 287:618–632. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2015.11.046
Stockinger H, Heinzle E, Kut O (1995) Removal of chloro and nitro aromatic wastewater pollutants by ozonation and biotreatment. Environ Sci Technol 29:2016–2022. https://doi.org/10.1021/es00008a021
Tandon PK, Singh SB (2016) Redox processes in water remediation. Environ Chem Lett 14:15–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-015-0540-4
Tezcanli-Güyer G, Ince NH (2004) Individual and combined effects of ultrasound, ozone and UV irradiation: a case study with textile dyes. Ultrasonics 42:603–609. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultras.2004.01.096
Trinidad CS, Cruz AM, Cuéllar EL (2015) Photocatalytic degradation of indigo carmine by hydrothermally synthesized Bi2MoO6 in presence of EDTA. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22:792–799. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3004-7
Tripathy BK, Kumar M (2017) Suitability of microwave and microwave-coupled systems for landfill leachate treatment: an overview. J Environ Chem Eng 5:6165–6178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2017.11.039
Tyagi VK, Lo SL (2011) Application of physico-chemical pretreatment methods to enhance the sludge disintegration and subsequent anaerobic digestion: an up to date review. Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol 10(3):215–242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-011-9244-9
Tyagi VK, Lo SL (2013) Microwave irradiation: a sustainable way for sludge treatment and resource recovery. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 18(71):288–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2012.10.032
Üstün GE, Solmaz SKA, Birgül A (2007) Regeneration of industrial district wastewater using a combination of Fenton process and ion exchange—a case study. Resour Conserv Recycl 52:425–440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2007.05.006
Vakili M, Rafatullah M, Salamatinia B et al (2014) Application of chitosan and its derivatives as adsorbents for dye removal from water and wastewater: a review. Carbohydr Polym 113:115–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.07.007
Varadarajan G, Venkatachalam P (2016) Sustainable textile dyeing processes. Environ Chem Lett 14:113–122. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-015-0533-3
Vasudevan S, Oturan MA (2014) Electrochemistry: as cause and cure in water pollution—an overview. Environ Chem Lett 12:97–108. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-013-0434-2
Veksha A, Pandya P, Hill JM (2015) The removal of methyl orange from aqueous solution by biochar and activated carbon under microwave irradiation and in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. J Environ Chem Eng 3(3):1452–1458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2015.05.003
Verma P, Kumar J (2014) Degradation and microbiological validation of meropenem antibiotic in aqueous solution using UV, UV/H2O2, UV/TiO2 and UV/TiO2/H2O2 processes. Int J Eng Res Appl 4:58–65
Verma P, Samanta SK (2017) Degradation kinetics of pollutants present in a simulated wastewater matrix using UV/TiO2 photocatalysis and its microbiological toxicity assessment. Res Chem Intermed 43:6317–6341. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-017-2992-6
Verma P, Samanta SK (2018a) Facile synthesis of TiO2-PC composites for enhanced photocatalytic abatement of multiple pollutant dye mixtures: a comprehensive study on the kinetics, mechanism, and effects of environmental factors. Res Chem Intermed 44:1963–1988. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-017-3209-8
Verma P, Samanta SK (2018b) A novel UV-C/XOH (X = Na or K) based highly alkaline advanced oxidation process (HA-AOP) for degradation of emerging micropollutants. ChemRxiv. https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.5777379.v1
Vilar VJP, Malato S, Dionysiou DD (2015) Advanced oxidation technologies: advances and challenges in Iberoamerican countries. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22:759–761. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3160-9
Wang Y, Zhao H, Gao J, Zhao G, Zhang Y, Zhang Y (2012) Rapid mineralization of azo-dye wastewater by microwave synergistic electro-fenton oxidation process. J Phys Chem C 116(13):7457–7463. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp212590f
Wang X, Mei L, Xing X et al (2014) Mechanism and process of methylene blue degradation by manganese oxides under microwave irradiation. Appl Catal B Environ 160–161:211–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2014.05.009
Wang Y, Xiao Q, Liu J, Yan H, Wei Y (2015) Pilot-scale study of sludge pretreatment by microwave and sludge reduction based on lysis–cryptic growth. Bioresour Technol 190:140–147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.04.046
Wong WT, Chan WI, Liao PH, Lo KV (2006) A hydrogen peroxide/microwave advanced oxidation process for sewage sludge treatment. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 41(11):2623–2633. https://doi.org/10.1080/10934520600928086
Wu CH, Ng HY (2008) Degradation of CI Reactive Red 2 (RR2) using ozone-based systems: comparisons of decolorization efficiency and power consumption. J Hazard Mater 152:120–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.06.073
Wu CH, Lai CH, Chung WY (2013) Electrical energy per order and photodegradation efficiency of advanced oxidation processes. Appl Mech Mater 291–294:764–767. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.291-294.764
Xiao J, Fang X, Yang S, He H, Sun C (2015) Microwave-assisted heterogeneous catalytic oxidation of high-concentration Reactive yellow 3 with CuFe2O4/PAC. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 90:1861–1868. https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.4497
Xiao R, Luo Z, Wei Z, Luo S, Spinney R, Yang W, Dionysiou DD (2018) Activation of peroxymonosulfate/persulfate by nanomaterials for sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation technologies. Curr Opin Chem Eng 19:51–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coche.2017.12.005
Xu D, Zhang Y, Cheng F, Dai P (2016) Efficient removal of dye from an aqueous phase using activated carbon supported ferrihydrite as heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst under assistance of microwave irradiation. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 60:376–382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2015.10.036
Xu D, Lai X, Guo W, Dai P (2017) Microwave-assisted catalytic degradation of methyl orange in aqueous solution by ferrihydrite/maghemite nanoparticles. J Water Process Eng 16:270–276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2017.02.010
Xue XY, Cheng R, Shi L, Ma Z, Zheng X (2017) Nanomaterials for water pollution monitoring and remediation. Environ Chem Lett 15:23–27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-016-0595-x
Yagub MT, Sen TK, Afroze S, Ang HM (2014) Dye and its removal from aqueous solution by adsorption: a review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 209:172–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2014.04.002
Yavuz Y, Shahbazi R, Koparal AS, Öğütveren ÜB (2014) Treatment of Basic Red 29 dye solution using iron-aluminum electrode pairs by electrocoagulation and electro-Fenton methods. Environ Sci Pollut Res 21(14):8603–8609. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-2789-8
Yin GQ, Liao PH, Lo KV (2008) Sewage sludge treatment using microwave-enhanced advanced oxidation process. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 43(2):191–201. https://doi.org/10.1080/10934520701781590
Yin J, Cai J, Yin C, Gao L, Zhou J (2016) Degradation performance of crystal violet over CuO@AC and CeO2–CuO@AC catalysts using microwave catalytic oxidation degradation method. J Environ Chem Eng 4(1):958–964. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2016.01.001
You KF, Fang JH, Qian QL (2013) Treatment of the weak acid brilliant red B dyeing wastewater by microwave enhanced Fenton oxidation. Wool Text J 41:53–56
Yu Y, Chan WI, Liao PH, Lo KV (2010) Disinfection and solubilization of sewage sludge using the microwave enhanced advanced oxidation process. J Hazard Mater 181:1143–1147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.05.134
Zhang XW, Wang YZ, Li GT (2005) Effect of operating parameters on microwave assisted photocatalytic degradation of azo dye X-3B with grain TiO2 catalyst. J Mol Catal A Chem 237:199–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcata.2005.03.043
Zhang XW, Wang YZ, Li GT, Qu J (2006) Oxidative decomposition of azo dye C.I. acid orange 7 (AO7) under microwave electrodeless lamp irradiation in the presence of H2O2. J Hazard Mater 134:183–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.10.046
Zhang XW, Li GT, Wang YZ (2007a) Microwave assisted photocatalytic degradation of high concentration azo dye reactive brilliant red X-3B with microwave electrodeless lamp as light source. Dyes Pigments 74:536–544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2006.03.012
Zhang Z, Shan Y, Wang J, Ling H, Zang S, Gao W, Zhao A, Zhang H (2007b) Investigation on the rapid degradation of congo red catalyzed by activated carbon powder under microwave irradiation. J Hazard Mater 147:325–333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.12.083
Zhang L, Su M, Guo X (2008a) Studies on the treatment of brilliant green solution by combination microwave induced oxidation with CoFe2O4. Sep Purif Technol 62:458–463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2008.02.022
Zhang XW, Sun DD, Li GT, Wang YZ (2008b) Investigation of the roles of active oxygen species in photodegradation of azo dye AO7 in TiO2 photocatalysis illuminated by microwave electrodeless lamp. J Photochem Photobiol A 199:311–315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2008.06.009
Zhang L, Liu X, Guo X, Su M, Xu T, Song X (2011) Investigation on the degradation of brilliant green induced oxidation by NiFe2O4 under microwave irradiation. Chem Eng J 173:737–742. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2011.08.041
Zhang Z, Xu Y, Ma X, Li F, Liu D, Chen Z et al (2012) Microwave degradation of methyl orange dye in aqueous solution in the presence of nano-TiO2-supported activated carbon (supported-TiO2/AC/MW). J Hazard Mater 209–210:271–277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.01.021
Zhang F, Zhou T, Liu Y, Leng J (2015) Microwave synthesis and actuation of shape memory polycaprolactone foams with high speed. Sci Rep 5:11152. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep11152
Zhang X, Ding Z, Yang J, Cizmas L, Lichtfouse E, Sharma VK (2018) Efficient microwave degradation of humic acids in water using persulfate and activated carbon. Environ Chem Lett. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-018-0721-z
Zhao G, Gao J, Shi W, Liu M, Li D (2009) Electrochemical incineration of high concentration azo dye wastewater on the in situ activated platinum electrode with sustained microwave radiation. Chemosphere 77:188–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.07.044
Zheng H, Zhang H, Sun X, Zhang P, Tshukudu T, Zhu G (2010) The catalytic oxidation of malachite green by the microwave-Fenton processes. Water Sci Technol 62:1304–1311. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.411
Zhihui A, Peng Y, Xiaohua L (2005) Degradation of 4-chlorophenol by microwave irradiation enhanced advanced oxidation processes. Chemosphere 60:824–827. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.04.027
Zhong H, Shaogui Y, Yongming J, Cheng S (2009) Microwave photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B using TiO2 supported on activated carbon: mechanism implication. J Environ Sci 21:268–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-0742(08)62262-7
Zhou Y, Liang Z, Wang Y (2008) Decolorization and COD removal of secondary yeast wastewater effluents by coagulation using aluminum sulfate. Desalination 225:301–311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2007.07.010
Zhu YJ, Chen F (2014) Microwave-assisted preparation of inorganic nanostructures in liquid phase. Chem Rev 114:6462–6555. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr400366s
Zuo R, Du G, Zhang W, Liu L, Liu Y, Mei L, Li Z (2014) Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue using TiO2 impregnated diatomite. Adv Mater Sci Eng 2014:170148. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/170148
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Indian Institute of Technology Delhi for providing some required soft information for this study. The authors would also like to express their regard and appreciation to the research community whose scientific data and research findings as published in their referred studies have been used to add a great value and substance to this review article. Finally, the authors are very grateful to the anonymous reviewers and Prof. Eric Lichtfouse, Chief Editor of Environmental Chemistry Letters for their constructive comments/suggestions that have benefitted us substantially to improvise the quality of this review article.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Appendix
Appendix
C.I. or Color Index: Color index is a most definitive and reliable way to identify dyes. It is basically a summation of dyes. Since the chemical and common names of dyes are very diverse, complicated and confusing, the importance of using a unique and informative name has become quite essential. This requirement has prompted the need of Color Index. As per the Color Index, the dyes can be uniquely listed in accordance with the system of Color Index Generic Names and Color Index Constitution Numbers. In Color Index Generic Names, each dye has been given a unique generic name that gives information about application type, hue and identifying number, whereas in Color Index Constitution Numbers, each dye with known structure has been given a unique 5-digit number to avoid any confusion with other related dyes.
For example: Tartrazine is a commercial and common name of a dye. Its Color Index Generic Name is C.I. Acid Yellow 23; where ‘Acid’ defines its application type, ‘Yellow’ defines its hue, and ‘23’ is its identifying number. In addition, its Color Index Constitution Number is C.I. 19140.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Verma, P., Samanta, S.K. Microwave-enhanced advanced oxidation processes for the degradation of dyes in water. Environ Chem Lett 16, 969–1007 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-018-0739-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-018-0739-2