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Influence of silver nanoparticles on the enhancement and transcriptional changes of glucosinolates and phenolic compounds in genetically transformed root cultures of Brassica rapa ssp. rapa

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Abstract

Glucosinolates (GSLs) and phenolic compounds (PCs) are biologically active and involved in the defense reaction of plants; these compounds have a beneficial effect on human health. In this study, we described the influence of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) to enhance the phytochemicals (GSLs and PCs), their transcription levels, and their biological activities in genetically transformed root cultures (hairy root cultures) of Brassica rapa. The concentrations of silver and reactive oxygen species (malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide) were highly elevated in the Ag NP-elicited hairy roots (HRs). Glucosinolates (glucoallysin, glucobrassicanapin, sinigrin, progoitrin, gluconapin, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin, 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin, glucobrassicin, neoglucobrassicin, and gluconasturtiin) and their transcripts (MYB34, MYB51, MYB28, and MYB29) were significantly enhanced in the Ag NP-elicited HRs. Moreover, the phenolic compounds (flavonols, hydroxybenzoic, and hydroxycinnamic acids) were significantly enriched in the Ag NP-elicited HRs. Total phenolic and flavonoid concentrations and their transcripts (PAL, CHI, and FLS) were higher in the Ag NP-elicited HRs than in the non-elicited HRs. Additionally, biological (antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer) activities were significantly higher in the Ag NP-elicited HRs than in the non-elicited HRs. The Ag NP-elicited HR cultures offered an efficient and promising in vitro method to increase the production of health-promoting bioactive compounds, which may be useful in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries.

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Abbreviations

Ag NPs:

Silver nanoparticles

DPPH:

1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl

GSLs:

Glucosinolates

HRCs:

Hairy root cultures

HRs:

Hairy roots

IPCs:

Individual phenolic compounds

ICP-MS:

Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

H2O2 :

Hydrogen peroxide

MTT:

Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide

PCs:

Phenolic compounds

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

RT-PCR:

Real-time polymerase chain reaction

TFC:

Total flavonoid content

TPC:

Total phenolic content

UHPLC–TQMS:

Ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography–triple quadrupole mass spectrometry

UHPLC:

Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography

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Acknowledgements

This paper was supported by the KU Research Professor Program of Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Applied Bioscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea

    Ill-Min Chung, Govindasamy Rajakumar & Muthu Thiruvengadam

  2. Department of Environmental and Herbal Science, Tamil University, Thanjavur, 613005, Tamil Nadu, India

    Kaliyaperumal Rekha

Authors
  1. Ill-Min Chung
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  2. Kaliyaperumal Rekha
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  3. Govindasamy Rajakumar
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  4. Muthu Thiruvengadam
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Correspondence to Muthu Thiruvengadam.

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Chung, IM., Rekha, K., Rajakumar, G. et al. Influence of silver nanoparticles on the enhancement and transcriptional changes of glucosinolates and phenolic compounds in genetically transformed root cultures of Brassica rapa ssp. rapa. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 41, 1665–1677 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-018-1991-3

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