Abstract
Recent progress in the development of room temperature, continuous wave, widely tunable, mode-hop-free mid-infrared external cavity quantum cascade laser (EC-QCL) spectroscopic sources is reported. A single mode tuning range of 155 cm-1 (∼ 8% of the center wavelength) with a maximum power of 11.1 mW and 182 cm-1 (∼ 15% of the center wavelength) with a maximum power of 50 mW was obtained for 5.3 and 8.4 μm EC-QCLs respectively. This technology is particularly suitable for high resolution spectroscopic applications, multi species trace-gas detection and spectroscopic measurements of broadband absorbers. Several examples of spectroscopic measurements performed using EC-QCL based spectrometers are demonstrated.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
J. Faist, F. Capasso, D.L. Sivco, C. Sirtori, A.A. Hutchinson, A.Y. Cho, Science 264, 4 (1994)
J. Faist, Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 253512 (2007)
J.S. Yu, A. Evans, S. Slivken, S.R. Darvish, M. Razeghi, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 17, 1154 (2005)
A. Evans, S.R. Darvish, S. Slivken, J. Nguyen, Y. Bai, M. Razeghi, Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 071101 (2007)
L. Diehl, D. Bour, S. Corzine, J. Zhu, G. Hofler, M. Loncar, M. Troccoli, F. Capasso, Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 201115 (2006)
A. Wittmann, M. Giovannini, J. Faist, L. Hvozdara, S. Blaser, D. Hofstetter, E. Gini, Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 141116 (2006)
D.D. Nelson, B. McManus, S. Urbanski, S. Herndon, M.S. Zahniser, Spectrochim. Acta A 60, 3325 (2004)
B.W.M. Moeskops, S.M. Cristescu, F.J.M. Harren, Opt. Lett. 31, 823 (2006)
T. Aellen, S. Blaser, M. Beck, D. Hofstetter, J. Faist, E. Gini, Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 1929 (2003)
G. Wysocki, R.F. Curl, F.K. Tittel, R. Maulini, J.M. Bulliard, J. Faist, Appl. Phys. B 81, 769 (2005)
C. Peng, G. Luo, H.Q. Le, Appl. Opt. 42, 4877 (2003)
R. Maulini, A. Mohan, M. Giovannini, J. Faist, E. Gini, Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 201113 (2006)
M.J. Weida, D. Arnone, T. Day, Laser Focus World 42, 2 (2006)
A. Mohan, A. Wittmann, A. Hugi, S. Blaser, M. Giovannini, J. Faist, Opt. Lett. 32, 2792 (2007)
J. Faist, M. Beck, T. Aellen, E. Gini, Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 147 (2001)
A. Wittmann, T. Gresch, E. Gini, L. Hvozdara, N. Hoyler, M. Giovannini, J. Faist, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-44, 36 (2008)
C. Gmachl, D.L. Sivco, R. Colombelli, F. Capasso, A.Y. Cho, Nature 415, 5 (2002)
M.C. Phillips, T.L. Myers, M.D. Wojcik, B.D. Cannon, Opt. Lett. 32, 1177 (2007)
R. Lewicki, G. Wysocki, A.A. Kosterev, F.K. Tittel, Opt. Express 15, 7357 (2007)
B.G. Lee, M.A. Belkin, R. Audet, J. MacArthur, L. Diehl, C. Pflugl, F. Capasso, D.C. Oakley, D. Chapman, A. Napoleone, D. Bour, S. Corzine, G. Hofler, J. Faist, Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 231101 (2007)
J. Faist, M. Beck, T. Aellen, E. Gini, Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 147 (2001)
R. Maulini, PhD thesis (University of Neuchâtel, 2006)
B.E.A. Saleh, M.C. Teich, Fundamentals of Photonics, Wiley Series in Pure and Applied Optics (Wiley, New York, 1991)
G. Wysocki, A. Kosterev, F. Tittel, Appl. Phys. B 80, 617 (2005)
G. Litfin, C.R. Pollock, R.F. Curl Jr., F.K. Tittel, J. Chem. Phys. 72, 6602 (1980)
H. Ganser, W. Urban, J.M. Brown, Molec. Phys. 101, 545 (2003)
H. Ganser, M. Horstjann, C.V. Suschek, P. Hering, M. Mürtz, Appl. Phys. B 78, 513 (2004)
R. Lewicki, R.F. Curl, F.K. Tittel, G. Wysocki, to be published
A.A. Kosterev, F.K. Tittel, D.V. Serebryakov, A.L. Malinovsky, I.V. Morozov, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 76, 043105 (2005)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
PACS
42.55.Px; 42.60.-v; 42.62.Fi; 07.07.Df
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wysocki, G., Lewicki, R., Curl, R. et al. Widely tunable mode-hop free external cavity quantum cascade lasers for high resolution spectroscopy and chemical sensing. Appl. Phys. B 92, 305–311 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-008-3047-x
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-008-3047-x