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SbbHLH85, a bHLH member, modulates resilience to salt stress by regulating root hair growth in sorghum

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Abstract

bHLH family proteins play an important role in plant stress response. However, the molecular mechanism regulating the salt response of bHLH is largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the function and regulating mechanism of the sweet sorghum SbbHLH85 during salt stress. The results showed that SbbHLH85 was different from its homologs in other species. Also, it was a new atypical bHLH transcription factor and a key gene for root development in sweet sorghum. The overexpression of SbbHLH85 resulted in significantly increased number and length of root hairs via ABA and auxin signaling pathways, increasing the absorption of Na+. Thus, SbbHLH85 plays a negative regulatory role in the salt tolerance of sorghum. We identified a potential interaction partner of SbbHLH85, which was phosphate transporter chaperone PHF1 and modulated the distribution of phosphate, through screening a yeast two-hybrid library. Both yeast two-hybrid and BiFC experiments confirmed the interaction between SbbHLH85 and PHF1. The overexpression of SbbHLH85 led to a decrease in the expression of PHF1 as well as the content of Pi. Based on these results, we suggested that the increase in the Na+ content and the decrease in the Pi content resulted in the salt sensitivity of transgenic sorghum.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by financial support from the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFD1000700, 2018YFD1000704, 2019YFD1002703), the National Natural Science Research Foundation of China (31871538, U1906204), Shandong Province Key Research and Development Program (2019GSF107079), the Development Plan for Youth Innovation Team of Shandong Provincial (2019KJE012), the Science and Technology Demonstration Project of "Bohai Granary" of Shandong Province (2019BHLC002). We would like to thank Professor Hongwei Guo of Southern University of Science and Technology for providing the double mutant rsl2rsl4.

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  1. Yushuang Song, Simin Li and Yi Sui authors have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China

    Yushuang Song, Simin Li, Hongxiang Zheng, Guoliang Han, Xi Sun, Wenjing Yang & Na Sui

  2. Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China

    Yi Sui

  3. Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China

    Hailian Wang

  4. State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China

    Kunyang Zhuang, Fanying Kong & Qingwei Meng

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Contributions

NS and YS planned and designed the research; YS, SL, YS, HZ, WY and XS performed experiments; NS, YS, GH, HW, KZ and FK collected data and carried out all analyses; YS, HZ and NS wrote the paper. NS and QM revised the paper. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Na Sui.

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Supplementary Information

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Supplementary Figure 1. Amino acid sequence of SbbHLH85 (TIF 762 KB)

Supplementary Figure 2. Expression of SbbHLH85 in Arabidopsis transgenic lines (TIF 981 KB)

122_2021_3960_MOESM3_ESM.tif

Supplementary Figure 3. (A) Phenotype of Arabidopsis lines under NaCl, LiCl, and mannitol treatment conditions. (B) Germination rate statistics of Arabidopsis lines under NaCl, LiCl, and mannitol treatment conditions. (C) Root length statistics of Arabidopsis under NaCl, LiCl, and mannitol treatment conditions. (D and E) DAB and NBT in WT and transgenic plants under salt stress. Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation of five measurements. Means with different letters are significantly different at P < 0.05 (TIF 21303 KB)

122_2021_3960_MOESM4_ESM.tif

Supplementary Figure 4. (A) Biomass of WT and transgenic Arabidopdis under salt stress. (B) MDA content of WT and transgenic Arabidopdis under salt stress. (C) Biomass of WT and restocking lines of Arabidopdis under salt stress. (D) MDA content of WT and restocking lines of Arabidopdis under salt stress (TIF 484 KB)

122_2021_3960_MOESM5_ESM.tif

Supplementary Figure 5. (A) Na+/ K+ ratio of WT and overexpressing lines of sorghum under salt stress. (B) MDA content of WT and overexpressing lines of sorghum under salt stress (TIF 327 KB)

122_2021_3960_MOESM6_ESM.tif

Supplementary Figure 6. (A) Venn diagram of the numbers of expressed genes in the WT, At-OX13, rsl2-3, and rsl2rsl4 lines before and after salt stress. (B) RNA sequences of 22 representative genes were verified by qRT-PCR. (C) Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between WT, At-OX13, rsl2-3, and rsl2rsl4 lines before and after salt stress (TIF 15955 KB)

122_2021_3960_MOESM7_ESM.tif

Supplementary Figure 7. Gene Ontology Consortium analyses of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between WT, At-OX13, rsl2-3, and rsl2rsl4 lines before and after salt stress (TIF 1013 KB)

122_2021_3960_MOESM8_ESM.tif

Supplementary Figure 8. KOG analyses of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between WT, At-OX13, rsl2-3, and rsl2rsl4 lines before and after salt stress (TIF 543 KB)

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Song, Y., Li, S., Sui, Y. et al. SbbHLH85, a bHLH member, modulates resilience to salt stress by regulating root hair growth in sorghum. Theor Appl Genet 135, 201–216 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-021-03960-6

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