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Biodegradation and detoxification of phenanthrene in in vitro and in vivo conditions by a newly isolated ligninolytic fungus Coriolopsis byrsina strain APC5 and characterization of their metabolites for environmental safety

  • Current Trends and Research in Industrial Wastewater Treatment through Bioreactor Approach
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Abstract

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are recalcitrant organic pollutants generated from agricultural, industrial, and municipal sources, and their strong carcinogenic and teratogenic properties pose a harmful threat to human beings. The present study deals with the bioremediation of phenanthrene by a ligninolytic fungus, Coriolopsis byrsina (Mont.) Ryvarden strain APC5 (GenBank; KY418163.1), isolated from the fruiting body of decayed wood surface. During the experiment, Coriolopsis byrsina strain APC5 was found as a promising organism for the degradation and detoxification of phenanthrene (PHE) in in vitro and in vivo conditions. Further, HPLC analysis showed that the C. byrsina strain degraded 99.90% of 20 mg/L PHE in in vitro condition, whereas 77.48% degradation of 50 mg/L PHE was reported in in vivo condition. The maximum degradation of PHE was noted 25 °C temperature under shaking flask conditions at pH 6.0. Further, GC-MS analysis of fungal treated samples showed detection of 9,10-Dihydroxy phenanthrene, 2,2-Diphenic acid, phthalic acid, 4-heptyloxy phenol, benzene octyl, and acetic acid anhydride as the metabolic products of degraded PHE. Furthermore, the phytotoxicity evaluation of degraded PHE was observed through the seed germination method using Vigna radiata and Cicer arietinum seeds. The phytotoxicity results showed that the seed germination index and vegetative growth parameters of tested plants were increased in the degraded PHE soil. As results, C. byrsina strain APC5 was found to be a potential and promising organism to degrade and detoxify PHE without showing any adverse effect of their metabolites.

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Data availability

The gene sequence data of Coriolopsis byrsina strain APC5 were deposited in the NCBI GenBank database and assigned the accession number KY418163.1, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KY418163

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to Anand Barapatre, Senior Technical Assistant at Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University (IGNTU), Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh, India, for their support in the statistical analysis of generated data. The authors are also grateful to Swaroop Biswas, Junior Lab Assistant, Smriti Ranjan Maji, Technical Officer at CIF-PD Lab Bose Institute, Kolkata, for HPLC and GC-MS analysis. The authors are thankful to the head of the Department of Botany, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, for providing infrastructural facilities. Also, thanks to Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (C.G.) for their financial assistance.

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  1. Bio-Resource Tech Laboratory, Department of Botany, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, 495009, India

    Nikki Agrawal, Vineet Kumar & Sushil Kumar Shahi

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  1. Nikki Agrawal
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Nikki Agrawal: performed the experiments and completed the manuscript writing. Vineet Kumar: manuscript writing, reviewing, and editing. Sushil Kumar Shahi: guided during research experiments and manuscript writing, reviewing, and editing. All the authors approved the final manuscript.

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Agrawal, N., Kumar, V. & Shahi, S.K. Biodegradation and detoxification of phenanthrene in in vitro and in vivo conditions by a newly isolated ligninolytic fungus Coriolopsis byrsina strain APC5 and characterization of their metabolites for environmental safety. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 61767–61782 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15271-w

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