Skip to main content
Log in

Integrand oxidation and one-loop colour-dual numerators in \( \mathcal{N}=4 \) gauge theory

  • Published:
Journal of High Energy Physics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

We present a systematic method to determine BCJ numerators for one-loop amplitudes that explores the global constraints on the loop momentum dependence. We apply this method to amplitudes in \( \mathcal{N}=4 \) gauge theory, working out detailed examples up to seven points in both the MHV and the NMHV sectors. We see no obstruction to the application of our method to higher point one-loop amplitudes. The structure of Jacobi identities between BCJ numerators is seen to be closely connected to that of algebraic integrand reductions. We discuss the consequences for one-loop \( \mathcal{N}=8 \) supergravity amplitudes obtained through the double copy prescription. Moreover, in the MHV sector, we show how to obtain simple BCJ box numerators using a relationship with amplitudes in self-dual gauge theory. We also introduce simpler trace-type formulas for integrand reductions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Z. Bern, J. Carrasco and H. Johansson, New Relations for Gauge-Theory Amplitudes, Phys. Rev. D 78 (2008) 085011 [arXiv:0805.3993] [INSPIRE].

    MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. T. Sondergaard, New Relations for Gauge-Theory Amplitudes with Matter, Nucl. Phys. B 821 (2009)417 [arXiv:0903.5453] [INSPIRE].

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. S.H. Henry Tye and Y. Zhang, Dual Identities inside the Gluon and the Graviton Scattering Amplitudes, JHEP 06 (2010) 071 [Erratum ibid. 1104 (2011) 114] [arXiv:1003.1732] [INSPIRE].

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. N. Bjerrum-Bohr, P.H. Damgaard, T. Sondergaard and P. Vanhove, Monodromy and Jacobi-like Relations for Color-Ordered Amplitudes, JHEP 06 (2010) 003 [arXiv:1003.2403] [INSPIRE].

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. Z. Bern, T. Dennen, Y.-t. Huang and M. Kiermaier, Gravity as the Square of Gauge Theory, Phys. Rev. D 82 (2010) 065003 [arXiv:1004.0693] [INSPIRE].

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. D. Vaman and Y.-P. Yao, Constraints and Generalized Gauge Transformations on Tree-Level Gluon and Graviton Amplitudes, JHEP 11 (2010) 028 [arXiv:1007.3475] [INSPIRE].

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. Z. Bern and T. Dennen, A Color Dual Form for Gauge-Theory Amplitudes, Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 (2011)081601 [arXiv:1103.0312] [INSPIRE].

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. C.R. Mafra, O. Schlotterer and S. Stieberger, Explicit BCJ Numerators from Pure Spinors, JHEP 07 (2011) 092 [arXiv:1104.5224] [INSPIRE].

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  9. R. Monteiro and D. O’Connell, The Kinematic Algebra From the Self-Dual Sector, JHEP 07 (2011)007 [arXiv:1105.2565] [INSPIRE].

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. Y.-J. Du, B. Feng and C.-H. Fu, BCJ Relation of Color Scalar Theory and KLT Relation of Gauge Theory, JHEP 08 (2011) 129 [arXiv:1105.3503] [INSPIRE].

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. J. Broedel and J.J.M. Carrasco, Virtuous Trees at Five and Six Points for Yang-Mills and Gravity, Phys. Rev. D 84 (2011) 085009 [arXiv:1107.4802] [INSPIRE].

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. N. Bjerrum-Bohr, P.H. Damgaard, R. Monteiro and D. O’Connell, Algebras for Amplitudes, JHEP 06 (2012) 061 [arXiv:1203.0944] [INSPIRE].

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. C.-H. Fu, Y.-J. Du and B. Feng, An algebraic approach to BCJ numerators, JHEP 03 (2013) 050 [arXiv:1212.6168] [INSPIRE].

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. R. Kleiss and H. Kuijf, Multi - gluon cross-sections and five jet production at hadron colliders, Nucl. Phys. B 312 (1989) 616 [INSPIRE].

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. N. Bjerrum-Bohr, P.H. Damgaard and P. Vanhove, Minimal Basis for Gauge Theory Amplitudes, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 (2009) 161602 [arXiv:0907.1425] [INSPIRE].

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  16. S. Stieberger, Open and Closed vs. Pure Open String Disk Amplitudes, arXiv:0907.2211 [INSPIRE].

  17. B. Feng, R. Huang and Y. Jia, Gauge Amplitude Identities by On-shell Recursion Relation in S-matrix Program, Phys. Lett. B 695 (2011) 350 [arXiv:1004.3417] [INSPIRE].

    MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. Y. Jia, R. Huang and C.-Y. Liu, U (1)-decoupling, KK and BCJ relations in \( \mathcal{N}=4 \) SYM, Phys. Rev. D 82 (2010) 065001 [arXiv:1005.1821] [INSPIRE].

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  19. F. Cachazo, Fundamental BCJ Relation in N = 4 SYM From The Connected Formulation, arXiv:1206.5970 [INSPIRE].

  20. H. Kawai, D. Lewellen and S. Tye, A Relation Between Tree Amplitudes of Closed and Open Strings, Nucl. Phys. B 269 (1986) 1 [INSPIRE].

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  21. Z. Bern, L.J. Dixon, M. Perelstein and J. Rozowsky, Multileg one loop gravity amplitudes from gauge theory, Nucl. Phys. B 546 (1999) 423 [hep-th/9811140] [INSPIRE].

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  22. N. Bjerrum-Bohr, P.H. Damgaard, B. Feng and T. Sondergaard, Gravity and Yang-Mills Amplitude Relations, Phys. Rev. D 82 (2010) 107702 [arXiv:1005.4367] [INSPIRE].

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  23. N. Bjerrum-Bohr, P.H. Damgaard, B. Feng and T. Sondergaard, New Identities among Gauge Theory Amplitudes, Phys. Lett. B 691 (2010) 268 [arXiv:1006.3214] [INSPIRE].

    MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. N. Bjerrum-Bohr, P.H. Damgaard, B. Feng and T. Sondergaard, Proof of Gravity and Yang-Mills Amplitude Relations, JHEP 09 (2010) 067 [arXiv:1007.3111] [INSPIRE].

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  25. N. Bjerrum-Bohr, P.H. Damgaard, T. Sondergaard and P. Vanhove, The Momentum Kernel of Gauge and Gravity Theories, JHEP 01 (2011) 001 [arXiv:1010.3933] [INSPIRE].

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  26. N. Bjerrum-Bohr, P.H. Damgaard, B. Feng and T. Sondergaard, Unusual identities for QCD at tree-level, J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 287 (2011) 012030 [arXiv:1101.5555] [INSPIRE].

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  27. T. Sondergaard, Perturbative Gravity and Gauge Theory Relations: A Review, Adv. High Energy Phys. 2012 (2012) 726030 [arXiv:1106.0033] [INSPIRE].

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  28. Z. Bern, J.J.M. Carrasco and H. Johansson, Perturbative Quantum Gravity as a Double Copy of Gauge Theory, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 (2010) 061602 [arXiv:1004.0476] [INSPIRE].

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  29. Z. Bern, J. Carrasco, L. Dixon, H. Johansson and R. Roiban, Simplifying Multiloop Integrands and Ultraviolet Divergences of Gauge Theory and Gravity Amplitudes, Phys. Rev. D 85 (2012) 105014 [arXiv:1201.5366] [INSPIRE].

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  30. J.J. Carrasco and H. Johansson, Five-Point Amplitudes in N = 4 super-Yang-Mills Theory and N = 8 Supergravity, Phys. Rev. D 85 (2012) 025006 [arXiv:1106.4711] [INSPIRE].

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  31. P. Vanhove, The Critical ultraviolet behaviour of N = 8 supergravity amplitudes, arXiv:1004.1392 [INSPIRE].

  32. Z. Bern, C. Boucher-Veronneau and H. Johansson, N ≥ 4 Supergravity Amplitudes from Gauge Theory at One Loop, Phys. Rev. D 84 (2011) 105035 [arXiv:1107.1935] [INSPIRE].

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  33. C. Boucher-Veronneau and L. Dixon, N ≥ 4 Supergravity Amplitudes from Gauge Theory at Two Loops, JHEP 12 (2011) 046 [arXiv:1110.1132] [INSPIRE].

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  34. Z. Bern, S. Davies, T. Dennen and Y.-t. Huang, Absence of Three-Loop Four-Point Divergences in N = 4 Supergravity, Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 (2012) 201301 [arXiv:1202.3423] [INSPIRE].

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  35. Z. Bern, S. Davies, T. Dennen and Y.-t. Huang, Ultraviolet Cancellations in Half-Maximal Supergravity as a Consequence of the Double-Copy Structure, Phys. Rev. D 86 (2012) 105014 [arXiv:1209.2472] [INSPIRE].

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  36. J.J.M. Carrasco, M. Chiodaroli, M. Gnaydin and R. Roiban, One-loop four-point amplitudes in pure and matter-coupled N ≤ 4 supergravity, JHEP 03 (2013) 056 [arXiv:1212.1146] [INSPIRE].

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  37. S. Oxburgh and C. White, BCJ duality and the double copy in the soft limit, JHEP 02 (2013)127 [arXiv:1210.1110] [INSPIRE].

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  38. R. Saotome and R. Akhoury, Relationship Between Gravity and Gauge Scattering in the High Energy Limit, JHEP 01 (2013) 123 [arXiv:1210.8111] [INSPIRE].

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  39. R.H. Boels and R.S. Isermann, On powercounting in perturbative quantum gravity theories through color-kinematic duality, JHEP 06 (2013) 017 [arXiv:1212.3473] [INSPIRE].

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  40. S.G. Naculich and H.J. Schnitzer, One-loop SYM-supergravity relation for five-point amplitudes, JHEP 11 (2011) 001 [arXiv:1108.6326] [INSPIRE].

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  41. S.G. Naculich, H. Nastase and H.J. Schnitzer, Linear relations between N ≥ 4 supergravity and subleading-color SYM amplitudes, JHEP 01 (2012) 041 [arXiv:1111.1675] [INSPIRE].

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  42. R.H. Boels and R.S. Isermann, New relations for scattering amplitudes in Yang-Mills theory at loop level, Phys. Rev. D 85 (2012) 021701 [arXiv:1109.5888] [INSPIRE].

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  43. R.H. Boels and R.S. Isermann, Yang-Mills amplitude relations at loop level from non-adjacent BCFW shifts, JHEP 03 (2012) 051 [arXiv:1110.4462] [INSPIRE].

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  44. R.H. Boels, R.S. Isermann, R. Monteiro and D. O’Connell, Colour-Kinematics Duality for One-Loop Rational Amplitudes, JHEP 04 (2013) 107 [arXiv:1301.4165] [INSPIRE].

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  45. R.H. Boels, B.A. Kniehl, O.V. Tarasov and G. Yang, Color-kinematic Duality for Form Factors, JHEP 02 (2013) 063 [arXiv:1211.7028] [INSPIRE].

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  46. J. Broedel and L.J. Dixon, Color-kinematics duality and double-copy construction for amplitudes from higher-dimension operators, JHEP 10 (2012) 091 [arXiv:1208.0876] [INSPIRE].

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  47. T. Bargheer, S. He and T. McLoughlin, New Relations for Three-Dimensional Supersymmetric Scattering Amplitudes, Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 (2012) 231601 [arXiv:1203.0562] [INSPIRE].

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  48. Y.-t. Huang and H. Johansson, Equivalent D = 3 Supergravity Amplitudes from Double Copies of Three-Algebra and Two-Algebra Gauge Theories, arXiv:1210.2255 [INSPIRE].

  49. Z. Bern, L.J. Dixon, D.C. Dunbar and D.A. Kosower, One loop n point gauge theory amplitudes, unitarity and collinear limits, Nucl. Phys. B 425 (1994) 217 [hep-ph/9403226] [INSPIRE].

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  50. Z. Bern, L.J. Dixon, D.C. Dunbar and D.A. Kosower, Fusing gauge theory tree amplitudes into loop amplitudes, Nucl. Phys. B 435 (1995) 59 [hep-ph/9409265] [INSPIRE].

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  51. Z. Bern, L.J. Dixon, D.C. Dunbar and D.A. Kosower, One loop selfdual and N = 4 super Yang-Mills, Phys. Lett. B 394 (1997) 105 [hep-th/9611127] [INSPIRE].

    MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  52. Z. Bern and A. Morgan, Massive loop amplitudes from unitarity, Nucl. Phys. B 467 (1996) 479 [hep-ph/9511336] [INSPIRE].

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  53. E.Y. Yuan, Virtual Color-Kinematics Duality: 6-pt 1-Loop MHV Amplitudes, JHEP 05 (2013)070 [arXiv:1210.1816] [INSPIRE].

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  54. F. Cachazo, Sharpening The Leading Singularity, arXiv:0803.1988 [INSPIRE].

  55. P.H. Damgaard, R. Huang, T. Sondergaard and Y. Zhang, The Complete KLT-Map Between Gravity and Gauge Theories, JHEP 08 (2012) 101 [arXiv:1206.1577] [INSPIRE].

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  56. S. Badger, Direct Extraction Of One Loop Rational Terms, JHEP 01 (2009) 049 [arXiv:0806.4600] [INSPIRE].

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  57. D. Cangemi, Selfdual Yang-Mills theory and one loop like - helicity QCD multi - gluon amplitudes, Nucl. Phys. B 484 (1997) 521 [hep-th/9605208] [INSPIRE].

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  58. G. Chalmers and W. Siegel, The Selfdual sector of QCD amplitudes, Phys. Rev. D 54 (1996) 7628 [hep-th/9606061] [INSPIRE].

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  59. S. Badger, E.N. Glover, V. Khoze and P. Svrček, Recursion relations for gauge theory amplitudes with massive particles, JHEP 07 (2005) 025 [hep-th/0504159] [INSPIRE].

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  60. D. Forde and D.A. Kosower, All-multiplicity amplitudes with massive scalars, Phys. Rev. D 73 (2006)065007 [hep-th/0507292] [INSPIRE].

    MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  61. N. Bjerrum-Bohr, P. Damgaard, H. Johansson and T. Sondergaard, Monodromy-like Relations for Finite Loop Amplitudes, JHEP 05 (2011) 039 [arXiv:1103.6190] [INSPIRE].

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  62. C.R. Mafra and O. Schlotterer, The Structure of n-Point One-Loop Open Superstring Amplitudes, arXiv:1203.6215 [INSPIRE].

  63. D. Melrose, Reduction of Feynman diagrams, Nuovo Cim. 40 (1965) 181 [INSPIRE].

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  64. Z. Bern, L.J. Dixon and D.A. Kosower, Dimensionally regulated one loop integrals, Phys. Lett. B 302 (1993) 299 [Erratum ibid. B 318 (1993) 649] [hep-ph/9212308] [INSPIRE].

    MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  65. G. ’t Hooft and M. Veltman, Scalar One Loop Integrals, Nucl. Phys. B 153 (1979) 365 [INSPIRE].

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  66. W. van Neerven and J. Vermaseren, Large loop integrals, Phys. Lett. B 137 (1984) 241 [INSPIRE].

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  67. N. Arkani-Hamed, J.L. Bourjaily, F. Cachazo and J. Trnka, Local Integrals for Planar Scattering Amplitudes, JHEP 06 (2012) 125 [arXiv:1012.6032] [INSPIRE].

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  68. R.M. Schabinger, One-loop N = 4 super Yang-Mills scattering amplitudes in d dimensions, relation to open strings and polygonal Wilson loops, J. Phys. A 44 (2011) 454007 [arXiv:1104.3873] [INSPIRE].

    MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  69. S. Stieberger and T.R. Taylor, Amplitude for N-Gluon Superstring Scattering, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 (2006) 211601 [hep-th/0607184] [INSPIRE].

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ricardo Monteiro.

Additional information

ArXiv ePrint: 1303.2913

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Bjerrum-Bohr, N.E.J., Dennen, T., Monteiro, R. et al. Integrand oxidation and one-loop colour-dual numerators in \( \mathcal{N}=4 \) gauge theory. J. High Energ. Phys. 2013, 92 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP07(2013)092

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP07(2013)092

Keywords

Navigation