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The Evolution of Light-harvesting Antennas

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Light-Harvesting Antennas in Photosynthesis

Part of the book series: Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration ((AIPH,volume 13))

Summary

Light-harvesting antennas are central players in the conversion of solar energy to chemical energy. They have been evolving since the earliest anaerobic prokaryotes developed the first primitive photosystems. In the modern antennas, we see the results of many common processes of genetic change (duplication, divergence, acquisition and losses) as well as the primary and secondary endosymbiotic events that gave rise to the chloroplasts of photosynthetic eukaryotes. This chapter first reviews the assumptions and methods used in molecular evolution studies, then discusses the evolution of the enzymes involved in the synthesis of light-harvesting chromophores (chlorophylls, bacteriochlorophylls, phycobilins and carotenoids) and the evolution of the protein families that bind them, particular the core complex family, the LHC superfamily, and the phycobiliproteins. It is clear that the evolution of the proteins and the pigments were at least partly independent: ‘molecular opportunism’ resulted in the proteins’ binding whatever pigments were available, leading to the wide variety of chlorophyll-carotenoid pigment complexes that exist today. A model involving lateral gene transfer to account for the sharing of certain antennas by widely separated divisions of photosynthetic bacteria (including cyanobacteria) is proposed.

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Abbreviations

BChl, Chi:

bacteriochlorophyll chlorophyll

CP43, CP47:

core antennas of PS II

ELIP:

early light-induced protein

EST:

expressed sequence tag a cDNA sequence

Ga:

billion years ago

Hlip:

high light-induced protein of cyanobacteria

IsiA:

Chi a protein induced by Fe limitation product of isiA gene also called CP43 ′

LHC:

member of l ightharvesting complex superfamily

Ohp:

one-helix protein of Arabidopsis, similar to Hlip

Pcb:

prochlorophyte Chi a/b protein

PsaA, PsaB:

PS I reaction center-core antenna proteins

PS I, PS II:

Photosystem I Photosystem II

Sep:

stress-induced two-helix proteins members of LHC superfamily

RC:

reaction center

Ycfl7:

plastid open reading frame encoding an Hlip homolog

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  1. Botany Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada, V6T1Z4

    Beverley R. Green

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  1. Botany Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

    Beverley R. Green

  2. Biochemistry Department, University of Washington, Seattle, USA

    William W. Parson

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Green, B.R. (2003). The Evolution of Light-harvesting Antennas. In: Green, B.R., Parson, W.W. (eds) Light-Harvesting Antennas in Photosynthesis. Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration, vol 13. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2087-8_4

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