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Molecular Mechanisms and Metabolic Engineering of Glutamate Overproduction in Corynebacterium glutamicum

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Reprogramming Microbial Metabolic Pathways

Part of the book series: Subcellular Biochemistry ((SCBI,volume 64))

Abstract

Glutamate is a commercially important chemical. It is used as a flavor enhancer and is a major raw material for producing industrially useful chemicals. A coryneform bacterium, Corynebacterium glutamicum, was isolated in 1956 by Japanese researchers as a glutamate-overproducing bacterium and since then, remarkable progress in glutamate production has been made using this microorganism. Currently, the global market for glutamate is over 2.5 million tons per year. Glutamate overproduction by C. glutamicum is induced by specific treatments—biotin limitation, addition of fatty acid ester surfactants such as Tween 40, and addition of β-lactam antibiotics such as penicillin. Molecular biology and metabolic engineering studies on glutamate overproduction have revealed that metabolic flow is significantly altered by these treatments. These studies have also provided insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying these changes. In this chapter, we review our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of glutamate overproduction in C. glutamicum, and we discuss the advances made by metabolic engineering of this microorganism.

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Abbreviations

13C-MFA:

13C metabolic flux analysis

CoA:

coenzyme A

FBA:

flux balance analysis

FHA:

forkhead-associated

GC/MS:

gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

GDH:

glutamate dehydrogenase

ICDH:

isocitrate dehydrogenase

K m :

Michaelis-Menten constant

MFA:

metabolic flux analysis

MSG:

mono sodium glutamate

NMR:

nuclear magnetic resonance

ODHC:

2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex

PC:

pyruvate carboxylase

PEPC:

phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase

TCA:

tricarboxylic acid

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-5 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan

    Takashi Hirasawa & Hiroshi Shimizu

  2. Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan

    Jongpill Kim

  3. RIKEN Biomass Engineering Program, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan

    Tomokazu Shirai

  4. Quantitative Biology Center, RIKEN, 6-2-3 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka, 565-0874, Japan

    Chikara Furusawa

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  1. Takashi Hirasawa
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  2. Jongpill Kim
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  3. Tomokazu Shirai
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  4. Chikara Furusawa
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  5. Hiroshi Shimizu
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Correspondence to Hiroshi Shimizu .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. , State Key Laboratory, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China, People's Republic

    Xiaoyuan Wang

  2. School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, Wuxi, 214122, China, People's Republic

    Jian Chen

  3. , Div. of Life Sciences, King's College London, Stamford Street 150, London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom

    Peter Quinn

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Hirasawa, T., Kim, J., Shirai, T., Furusawa, C., Shimizu, H. (2012). Molecular Mechanisms and Metabolic Engineering of Glutamate Overproduction in Corynebacterium glutamicum . In: Wang, X., Chen, J., Quinn, P. (eds) Reprogramming Microbial Metabolic Pathways. Subcellular Biochemistry, vol 64. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5055-5_13

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