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Nutritional and Physiological Regulation of Water Transport in the Conceptus

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Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition and Metabolism

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1354))

Abstract

Water transport during pregnancy is essential for maintaining normal growth and development of conceptuses (embryo/fetus and associated membranes). Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of small integral plasma membrane proteins that primarily transport water across the plasma membrane. At least 11 isoforms of AQPs (AQPs 1–9, 11, and 12) are differentially expressed in the mammalian placenta (amnion, allantois, and chorion), and organs (kidney, lung, brain, heart, and skin) of embryos/fetuses during prenatal development. Available evidence suggests that the presence of AQPs in the conceptus mediates water movement across the placenta to support the placentation, the homeostasis of amniotic and allantoic fluid volumes, as well as embryonic and fetal survival, growth and development. Abundances of AQPs in the conceptus can be modulated by nutritional status and physiological factors affecting the pregnant female. Here, we summarize the effects of maternal dietary factors (such as intakes of protein, arginine, lipids, all-trans retinoic acid, copper, zinc, and mercury) on the expression of AQPs in the conceptus. We also discuss the physiological changes in hormones (e.g., progesterone and estrogen), oxygen supply, nitric oxide, pH, and osmotic pressure associated with the regulation of fluid exchange between mother and fetus. These findings may help to improve the survival, growth, and development of embryo/fetus in livestock species and other mammals (including humans).

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Abbreviations

AQP:

Aquaporin

CFTR:

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator

E2:

Estrogen

hCG:

Human chorionic gonadotropin

HIF:

Hypoxia inducible factor

NHE:

Na+/H+ exchanger

PI3K:

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase

P4:

Progesterone

pTr2:

Porcine trophectoderm cells

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial supports from the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (Grant Number 2020A1515010018 to CZ), and the Discipline Construction Program of Foshan University  (Grant Number CGZ0400162 to CZ), Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grants Number 2015-67015-23276 (to GW, FWB, and GAJ) and Number 2018-67015-28093 (to FWB, GAJ, and GW) from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, and Texas A&M AgriLife Research H-8200 (to GW).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, China

    Cui Zhu

  2. Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China

    Zongyong Jiang

  3. Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA

    Gregory A. Johnson & Robert C. Burghardt

  4. Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA

    Fuller W. Bazer & Guoyao Wu

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  1. Cui Zhu
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  2. Zongyong Jiang
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  3. Gregory A. Johnson
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  4. Robert C. Burghardt
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  5. Fuller W. Bazer
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  6. Guoyao Wu
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Correspondence to Guoyao Wu .

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  1. Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA

    Guoyao Wu

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Zhu, C., Jiang, Z., Johnson, G.A., Burghardt, R.C., Bazer, F.W., Wu, G. (2022). Nutritional and Physiological Regulation of Water Transport in the Conceptus. In: Wu, G. (eds) Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition and Metabolism. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1354. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85686-1_6

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