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Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Cytogenetics, Genetic Diversity and Breeding

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Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Legumes

Abstract

Climate change, depleting natural resources, declining arable land and sky-high population represent the main obstacles to the attainment of global food security. Therefore, to make a significant breakthrough in the food production and to combat global food insecurity, sustainable intensification of the agricultural production through low-input agriculture and development of cultivar with improved yield and adaptability is required. By traditional and modern plant breeding methods, breeding of pulses, cereals, and other important food crops, especially chickpea, can be accomplished by exploiting available genetic diversity. Chickpea and other pulse crops are important foods in many nations and play a vital role in the diet of malnourished populations world wide. Globally, chickpea is mainly grown in developing countries, accounting for ~97% of world area and 96% of world production. At present the average global yield of chickpea is 0.9 mt/ha, very low comparedto its estimated potential of 6 mt/ha under favorable growthconditions. The main constraints that limit desired goals of chick peaproductivity include low genetic variability, low and unstable yield and low resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Chickpea being a self-pollinated crop harbors low genetic variability. Mutation breeding is the logical tool to create variability in a crop species in a very short span of time, as compared to breeding methods. This chapter cover sorigin, classification, cytogenetics, germplasm and breeding methods for chickpea improvement.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mutation Breeding Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, India

    Aamir Raina, Samiullah Khan & Rafiul Amin Laskar

  2. Botany Section, Women’s College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India

    Aamir Raina

  3. Abdul Ahad Azad Memorial Degree College, Bemina, Cluster University, Srinagar, India

    Mohammad Rafiq Wani

  4. Allelopathy Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Waseem Mushtaq

Authors
  1. Aamir Raina
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  2. Samiullah Khan
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  3. Mohammad Rafiq Wani
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  4. Rafiul Amin Laskar
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  5. Waseem Mushtaq
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, King Faisal University, Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia

    Jameel M. Al-Khayri

  2. University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    Shri Mohan Jain

  3. Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Dennis V. Johnson

Appendices

Appendices

3.1.1 Appendix I: Research Institutes Relevant to Chickpea

Institution

Specialization

Contact information

Akdeniz Üniversitesi, Akademik Veri Yönetim, Sistemi, Turkey

Plant genetic resources, pre-breeding and phenotyping of plants under stress conditions such as cold, drought, salinity, Ascochyta blight, leaf miner and seed beetles

Dr. Cengiz Toker

http://aves.akdeniz.edu.tr/

International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics(ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India

Applied genomics, molecular breeding, comparative and functional genomics and crop biotechnology

Dr. Rajeev K Varshney https://www.icrisat.org/

Indian Institute of Pulses Research(IIPR), Kanpur, India

Breeding

Dr. Yogesh Kumar

iipr.res.in

Indian Institute of Pulses ResearchIIPR, Kanpur, India

Breeding, abiotic stress

Uday Chand Jha

iipr.res.in

3.1.2 Appendix II: Chickpea Genetic Resources

Cultivar

Important traits

Cultivation location

DCP 92-3

Tolerant to lodging, wilt resistant, yellowish small seeds

North-Western Plains Zone, India

IPC 97-67 (SCS-3)

Early maturing, resistant to wilt and tolerant to terminal moisture stress

Jammu, India

IPCK 2002-29 (Shubhra)

Kabuli chickpea variety, large seeds (34 g/100-seed wt.), moderately resistant to wilt

Central Zone India

IPCK 2004-29 (Ujjawal)

Moderately resistant to fusarium wilt

Central Zone India

Venhar

Desi, high yielding, medium seeded, tolerant to A blight, suitable for cultivation in Pothwar region

BARI, Chakwal, Pakistan

Dashat

Desi, high yielding, medium seeded, resistant to Ascochyta blight, suitable for cultivation in Pothwar region

NARC, Islamabad

Parbat

Desi, high yielder than Dasht medium seeded, resistant to Ascochyta blight, suitable for cultivation in Pothwar region

NARC, Islamabad

BARI Chola-10

heat-tolerant, resistant to Botrytis gray mold (BGM) and also high-yielding

Ishurdi, Gazipur, Madaripur, Barishal, Jessore and Rajshahi districts of Bangladesh

Binasola-10

Binasola-10 is a high yielding chickpea variety, released in 2016. It matures in 115–122 days, hundred seed weight is 23.5g

Bangladesh

Binasola-6

Binasola-6 is a high yielding chickpea variety, released in 2009. Plant height varies from 48–60 cm. Maturity period ranges between 122–126 days. Maximum yield potential is 1.97 m/ha (av. 1.69 mt/ha). It has bright seed coat color. Seed contain 23.10 % protein

Bangladesh

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Raina, A., Khan, S., Wani, M.R., Laskar, R.A., Mushtaq, W. (2019). Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Cytogenetics, Genetic Diversity and Breeding. In: Al-Khayri, J., Jain, S., Johnson, D. (eds) Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Legumes. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23400-3_3

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