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The role of arbuscular mycorrhizas in decreasing aluminium phytotoxicity in acidic soils: a review

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Abstract

Soil acidity is an impediment to agricultural production on a significant portion of arable land worldwide. Low productivity of these soils is mainly due to nutrient limitation and the presence of high levels of aluminium (Al), which causes deleterious effects on plant physiology and growth. In response to acidic soil stress, plants have evolved various mechanisms to tolerate high concentrations of Al in the soil solution. These strategies for Al detoxification include mechanisms that reduce the activity of Al3+ and its toxicity, either externally through exudation of Al-chelating compounds such as organic acids into the rhizosphere or internally through the accumulation of Al–organic acid complexes sequestered within plant cells. Additionally, root colonization by symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi increases plant resistance to acidity and phytotoxic levels of Al in the soil environment. In this review, the role of the AM symbiosis in increasing the Al resistance of plants in natural and agricultural ecosystems under phytotoxic conditions of Al is discussed. Mechanisms of Al resistance induced by AM fungi in host plants and variation in resistance among AM fungi that contribute to detoxifying Al in the rhizosphere environment are considered with respect to altering Al bioavailability.

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Acknowledgments

We greatly fully acknowledge the financial support of FONDECYT 1100642 grant (F. Borie), from Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (CONICYT), Chile. Alex Seguel also acknowledges the financial support of CONICYT through Doctoral Fellowship Program, Project 24100181 and Internship grant BECAS CHILE to visit Dr. Cumming’s laboratory at West Virginia University, USA.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco, Chile

    Alex Seguel, Pablo Cornejo & Fernando Borie

  2. Scientific and Technological Nucleus of Bioresources, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco, Chile

    Alex Seguel, Pablo Cornejo & Fernando Borie

  3. Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA

    Alex Seguel, Jonathan R. Cumming & Katrina Klugh-Stewart

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  1. Alex Seguel
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  2. Jonathan R. Cumming
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  4. Pablo Cornejo
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  5. Fernando Borie
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Correspondence to Fernando Borie.

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Seguel, A., Cumming, J.R., Klugh-Stewart, K. et al. The role of arbuscular mycorrhizas in decreasing aluminium phytotoxicity in acidic soils: a review. Mycorrhiza 23, 167–183 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-013-0479-x

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