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Molecular mechanisms of plant tolerance to heat stress: current landscape and future perspectives

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Abstract

Key message

We summarize recent studies focusing on the molecular basis of plant heat stress response (HSR), how HSR leads to thermotolerance, and promote plant adaptation to recurring heat stress events.

Abstract

The global crop productivity is facing unprecedented threats due to climate change as high temperature negatively influences plant growth and metabolism. Owing to their sessile nature, plants have developed complex signaling networks which enable them to perceive changes in ambient temperature. This in turn activates a suite of molecular changes that promote plant survival and reproduction under adverse conditions. Deciphering these mechanisms is an important task, as this could facilitate development of molecular markers, which could be ultimately used to breed thermotolerant crop cultivars. In current article, we summarize mechanisms involve in plant heat stress acclimation with special emphasis on advances related to heat stress perception, heat-induced signaling, heat stress-responsive gene expression and thermomemory that promote plant adaptation to short- and long-term-recurring heat-stress events. In the end, we will discuss impact of emerging technologies that could facilitate the development of heat stress-tolerant crop cultivars.

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Abbreviations

ANN:

Annexin

AOX:

Alternative oxidase

APX:

Ascorbate peroxidase

ASF1:

Anti-silencing function 1

AT:

Acquired thermotolerance

BIP:

Binding immunoglobulin protein

bZIP:

Basic leucine zipperCas9

CaM:

Calmodulin

CAT:

Castalse

CNGC:

Cyclic nucleotide-gated channels

CSD:

Copper/zinc superoxide dismutase

ER:

Endoplasmic reticulum

FGT1:

Forgetter 1

GP:

Glutathione peroxidase

GR:

Glutathione reductase

GRF:

Growth-regulating factor

H3K4:

Histone 3 lysine 4

WT:

Wild type

HSE:

Heat shock element

PLC9:

Phospholipase C 9

MAPKK:

MAPK kinases

TF:

Transcription factor

LEA:

Late embryogenesis abundant

miRNA:

Micro-RNA

NRD:

Negative regulatory domain

PCD:

Programmed cell death

PM:

Plasma membrane

REF6:

Relative of early flowering 6

HS:

Heat stress repeats

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

sHSP:

Small HSP

sHSPs:

Small HSPs

XRN:

Exoribonuclease

HSR:

Heat-stress response

UPR:

Unfolded protein response

QTL:

Quantitative trait loci

Ca2 + :

Calcium

DRIP2:

DREB2A-interacting-protein 2

CDKA1:

Cyclin-dependent kinase A1

MAPKKK:

MAPK kinase kinases

HIT4:

Heat intolerant 4

IP3:

D myo-inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate

RIM:

RCD1-interacting motif

Cas9:

CRISPR-associated protein 9

ERF:

Ethylene responsive factor

AP2/ERF:

Apetala 2/ethylene responsive factor

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

H3K27me3:

Histone 3 lysine 27 tri-methylation

PIPK:

Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase

ONSEN:

A copia-type reterotransposon

CBK3:

Calmodulin-binding protein kinase 3

DRIP1:

DREB2A-interacting-protein 1

NF-YB3:

Nuclear factor YB3

TAS1:

Trans-acting siRNA precursor 1

CDPKs:

Calcium-dependent protein kinases

MOM1:

Morpheus molecule 1

PTM:

Post-translational modification

HSF:

Heat shock factors

RBOHs:

Respiratory burst oxidase homologs

MAPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

DDM1:

Decrease in DNA methylation 1

HTT1/2:

Heat-induced TAS1 TARGET1/2

MBF1c:

Multi-protein bridging factor 1c

DREB:

Dehydration responsive element binding

CRISPR:

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic

NADPH:

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

DPB3-1:

DNA polymerase II subunit B3-1

TRD:

Temperature-dependent repression domain

SPL:

Squamosa-promoter binding protein-like

HSP:

Heat shock protein

PIP2:

Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate

NF-YA2:

Nuclear factor YA2

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan

    Saqlain Haider, Javed Iqbal, Sana Naseer, Muzaffar Shaukat, Haleema Bibi, Yumna Ahmad, Hina Daud, Nayyab Laiba Abbasi & Tariq Mahmood

  2. Department of Botany, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

    Tabassum Yaseen

  3. Center for Plant Sciences and Biodiversity, University of Swat, Kanju, 19201, Pakistan

    Javed Iqbal

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SH, JI and SN wrote the primary manuscript. TY, MS, HB and YA helped in literature review and write-up. HD and NLA added valuable comments during subsequent revision and improved the paper. TM supervised and finalized the manuscript. All the authors read and agree on finalized manuscript.

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Haider, S., Iqbal, J., Naseer, S. et al. Molecular mechanisms of plant tolerance to heat stress: current landscape and future perspectives. Plant Cell Rep 40, 2247–2271 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-021-02696-3

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