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Physical Properties of Wood and Wood-Based Materials

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Springer Handbook of Wood Science and Technology

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Abstract

This chapter describes the basic physical properties of wood and wood-based materials such as density, thermal properties, electrical properties, friction, optical properties, corrosion, and aging. In addition, selected new innovative testing methods are presented, which are still mainly used in research.

Together with the very high influence of (i) wood moisture on the properties of wood and wooden materials, (ii) the mechanical properties (elasticity and strength) as well as (iii) the heterogeneity and orthotropy of wood and wood-based materials, knowledge of the physical properties described in this chapter is very important.

This is necessary, for example, for processes such as the drying of wood, mechanical processing (e.g., machining, defibration, bonding), as well as the design and manufacture of products made of wood. Sound and thermal insulation of buildings, color change of wood during use, wood aging with changes in physical and mechanical properties are further examples.

Numerous processes from the area of nondestructive testing of wood are used to control the production. Examples are color measurement, the detection of the fiber angle by means of the tracheid effect, wood moisture measurement using electrical, dielectric, or spectrometric properties.

Ultrasound and eigenfrequency measurement already have a place in the industry for grading the quality of wood (strength) or blister detection with air-coupled ultrasound in particleboards or plywood.

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Acknowledgment

Sections 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, and 6.8 of this chapter include several parts that have been previously published in the following book: Peter Niemz and Walter Sonderegger: Holzphysik, Physik des Holzes und der Holzwerkstoffe (Wood physics. Physics of wood and wood-based materials). Fachbuchverlag Leipzig im Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich 2017.

The selected paragraphs from the original publication have been translated into English, and the content has been expanded and adapted to the structure of the Springer Handbook of Wood Science and Technology. The authors and Springer are grateful to Carl Hanser Verlag Munich for kind permission.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ETH Zürich, Wood Physics (today Wood Material Science), Institute for Building Materials, Zurich, Switzerland

    Peter Niemz

  2. Swiss Wood Solutions AG, Altdorf, Switzerland

    Walter Sonderegger

  3. AgroBiogel GmbH, Tulln, Austria

    Tobias Keplinger

  4. State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, P. R. China

    Jiali Jiang & Jianxiong Lu

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  1. Peter Niemz
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  5. Jianxiong Lu
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Correspondence to Peter Niemz .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. ETH Zürich, Wood Physics (today Wood Material Science), Institute for Building Materials, Zurich, Switzerland

    Peter Niemz

  2. Institute of Wood Technology and Renewable Materials, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria

    Alfred Teischinger

  3. Wood Science and Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Skellefteå, Sweden

    Dick Sandberg

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Niemz, P., Sonderegger, W., Keplinger, T., Jiang, J., Lu, J. (2023). Physical Properties of Wood and Wood-Based Materials. In: Niemz, P., Teischinger, A., Sandberg, D. (eds) Springer Handbook of Wood Science and Technology. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81315-4_6

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