Abstract
Lentil is an ancient legume crop cultivated thousands of years for its nutritious seeds, its ability to improve soil colonized by nitrogen fixing symbiotic bacteria, and providing income to local farmers at semiarid areas. During the centuries, numerous landraces and traditional varieties have been developed, providing a wealth of genetic material for lentil cultivation and use by local communities worldwide. However, current improved lentil varieties suffer from many biotic and abiotic challenges, and breeding new cultivars should exploit the breadth of genetic potential reserved within the Lens gene pool. Landraces and wild relatives are more tolerant to adverse environmental conditions and can provide valuable genes to develop improved varieties in modern agriculture, adapted to environmental abiotic and biotic stresses, suitable as well for other industrial non-food uses, such as biomass production and use as energy crop. Molecular tools to assist breeding efforts in lentil are less well developed in comparison with other crops, although progress has been made in germplasm characterization using molecular markers. Genomic research is delayed by the large (4.3 GB) lentil genome size, and progress towards the release of the complete lentil genome sequence is expected to accelerate breeding efforts. In this chapter we review current knowledge on lentil domestication and landrace distribution, cultivar improvement and breeding, efforts to characterize abiotic and biotic stress tolerance, the research strategies and major advancements made by modern molecular technologies for identification and utilization of important markers/QTLs in lentil breeding, and future prospects for this important legume crop.
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Acknowledgments
Research on lentil diversity and breeding in the labs of the authors has been co-financed by the European Union and Greek national funds through the Operational Program Competitiveness, Entrepreneurship and Innovation, under the call RESEARCH–CREATE–INNOVATE (project code: T1EDK-04633).
Author Contribution
Authors contributed equally according to their expertise and names are in alphabetical order after ANP who coordinated the effort, with students and postdocs first and senior scientists following. PVM with EK and AG wrote Sects. 2–5 on origin, diversity of wild relatives and progenitors, genetic resources, and in situ and ex situ collections of lentil germplasm; INO and ES wrote Sect. 6 on crop improvement, climate resilience, and herbicide resistance and also contributed to Sects. 11 and 12; AL wrote Sect. 7 on disease and insect pest resistance; DG and MAS wrote Sect. 8 on end use and nutritional quality; DV wrote Sect. 9 on classical breeding approaches; AM with IDA and SDK wrote Sect. 10 on induced genetic diversity; ANP wrote Sect. 11 on genomic resources, Sect. 12 on modern breeding approaches, and Sect. 13 on phenotyping.
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Polidoros, A.N. et al. (2022). Lentil Gene Pool for Breeding. In: Priyadarshan, P., Jain, S.M. (eds) Cash Crops. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74926-2_11
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