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Expression Profiling of Organellar Genes

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Genomics of Chloroplasts and Mitochondria

Part of the book series: Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration ((AIPH,volume 35))

Summary

Due to their endosymbiotic origin, expression of plastid and mitochondrial genes retains several features of prokaryotes. Nevertheless, plant organelles acquired novel specific traits during evolution. Furthermore, due to the migration of many genes to the nucleus of the host cell, complex anterograde and retrograde signalling pathways evolved to coordinate gene expression in different subcellular compartments. Control of gene expression in plant organelles occurs at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. In this chapter, we analyze the available data concerning the variability shown by both organelle genomes for different steps of gene expression in various genotypes or after environmental and developmental cues. Genotypic variability for the extent of RNA editing or transcript processing and stability in cytoplasmic organelles has been observed in natural populations at the interspecific and intraspecific level or in artificial CMS lines. The role of various plastid genes in global genome expression and chloroplast development has been highlighted in knock-out lines produced by plastid transformation. Significant differences in the transcriptome, editome and translatome have also been found comparing different plastid types in diverse organs or tissues. Similar differences have been found for mitochondrial genomes during the diurnal cycle or between cell suspensions and differentiated leaves. However, the precise level and mechanisms at which these changes are achieved and the signals necessary for their installation are barely understood.

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Abbreviations

ACCase:

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase;

AOX:

Alternative oxidase;

CMS:

Cytoplasmic male sterility;

NEP:

Nuclear encoded polymerase;

PEP:

Plastid encoded polymerase;

PPR:

Pentatricopeptide repeat;

PSI:

Photosystem I;

PSII:

Photosystem II;

RNAP:

RNA polymerase

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CRA-ORT, Agricultural Research Council, Research Centre for Vegetable Crops, via Cavalleggeri 25, Pontecagnano, SA, 84098, Italy

    Teodoro Cardi

  2. IBMP-CNRS, 12 rue du général Zimmer, Strasbourg, 67084, France

    Philippe Giegé

  3. QIAGEN GmbH, QIAGEN Strasse 1, D-40724, Hilden, Germany

    Sabine Kahlau

  4. CNR – IGV, Institute of Plant Genetics, Res. Div. Portici, via Università 133, Portici, NA, 80055, Italy

    Nunzia Scotti

Authors
  1. Teodoro Cardi
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  2. Philippe Giegé
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  3. Sabine Kahlau
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  4. Nunzia Scotti
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Correspondence to Teodoro Cardi .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. AM MUEHLENBERG 1, POTSDAM-GOLM 14476, Germany

    Ralph Bock

  2. Inst. Zelluläre und Molekulare, Botanik (IZMB), Universität Bonn, Kirschallee 1, Bonn, 53115, Germany

    Volker Knoop

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Cardi, T., Giegé, P., Kahlau, S., Scotti, N. (2012). Expression Profiling of Organellar Genes. In: Bock, R., Knoop, V. (eds) Genomics of Chloroplasts and Mitochondria. Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration, vol 35. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2920-9_14

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