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Processing, degradation, and polyadenylation of chloroplast transcripts

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Cell and Molecular Biology of Plastids

Part of the book series: Topics in Current Genetics ((TCG,volume 19))

Abstract

In this chapter, we describe the major enzymes and characteristics of transcript 5′ and3′ end maturation, and polyadenylation-stimulated degradation. The picture which emerges isthat maturation and degradation share many prokaryotic features, vestiges of the chloroplast endosymbiontancestor. The major exoribonucleases are well-defined, being polynucleotide phosphorylase and RNaseII/R. The endonucleases include CSP41, with largely informatic evidence for homologs of prokaryoticRNases E, J, and III. The polyadenylation-stimulated degradation pathway, which occurs in most livingsystems, is a major player in chloroplast RNA degradation. We discuss known or potential rolesfor polynucleotide phosphorylase and a prokaryotic-type poly(A) polymerase. Finally, we discussnuclear mutations that affect RNA maturation and degradation, defining genes that are likely or knownto encode regulatory factors. Major questions for future research include how the ribonucleases,which are inherently nonspecific, interact with these specificity factors, and whether newly-discoverednoncoding RNAs in the chloroplast play any role in RNA metabolism.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Tower Rd. Ithaca, 14853, New York, NY, USA

    Thomas J. Bollenbach & David B. Stern

  2. Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Tower Rd. Ithaca, 32000, Haifa, Israel

    Gadi Schuster & Victoria Portnoy

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  1. Thomas J. Bollenbach
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Bollenbach, T.J., Schuster, G., Portnoy, V., Stern, D.B. (2007). Processing, degradation, and polyadenylation of chloroplast transcripts. In: Bock, R. (eds) Cell and Molecular Biology of Plastids. Topics in Current Genetics, vol 19. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/4735_2007_0235

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