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Integrated Application of Green Nanotechnology, Bioremediation, and Solubility Enhancing Chemicals for Improving Phytoremediation Efficiency: A Case Study in Egypt

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Pesticides Bioremediation

Abstract

Soil is the essential region for accumulating heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants, on this way, the cleanup of soil is largely significant. In addition, with the fast growth in industrialization, business liquid waste poses threats to the environment and human health, so it has become a major concern to clean up the environment from these unsafe wastes for the sustainable improvement of human society. In soils polluted with highly hydrophobic pollutants with the logarithm of the octanol–water partitioning coefficients (log Kow) higher than three, those compounds are highly adsorbent in the soil and their degradation is slow. Phytoremediation of these compounds is not an appropriate solution, because of the fact plants are not able to degrade those organic pollutants in rhizosphere area or uptake in the upper tissues. Phytoremediation with different technology can already provide a sustainable and less expensive alternative to soils and sites moderately contaminated over large surfaces. Plants and different technology which include biosurfactants excreted through microorganisms or plants, nanomaterials which include green-nZVI technology and chemicals which enhancing bioavailability in the soil are combined in phytoremediation, may also enhance the desorption of such persist organic pollutants in soils through enhancing their bioavailability, accumulate and translocate through plants, or microbial degradation leading to improving the capability of phytoremediation. A combination of green nanotechnology, adsorption, advanced oxidation process, and phytoremediation process can reduce the drawbacks of individual process. The complement of a strong oxidant, which include H2O2 to NZVI, results in the formation of ⋅OH radicals that can efficaciously oxidize most of the organic matter to CO2, H2O, and salts. Joint action between plant-associated microorganisms, especially the rhizosphere zone, which stimulate plant growth or biosurfactants proved to increase plant growth biomass production and improve the phytoremediation process through effect on the availability, accumulation, degradation of xenobiotics in soil and plants. Genetic engineering has additionally contributed to the improvement of genetically modified plants and their related bacteria to enhance the remediation performance through plants for pollutants. Also, integration among strategies, which include chemical improving agents (ethanol, SiO2, hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin (HPßCD), natural humic acid) and surfactants such as Tween 80 with phytoremediation capability, mainly, in the existence of green nanoparticles. The research performed in Egypt on phytoremediation of xenobiotics is constrained, and maximum research focused on remediation of heavy metals by plants. Research in the field of eliminating pollutants and the use of the contemporary technology in environmental remediation in Egypt still requires government support and cooperation for a clean environment free of pollutants.

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  1. Plant Production Department, Faculty of Technology and Development, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt

    Ahmed Ali Ali Romeh

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  1. Biological Science Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia

    Sazada Siddiqui

  2. Bioprocess Technology Division, Defence R&D Establishment, Gwalior, India

    Mukesh Kumar Meghvansi

  3. Department of Biotechnology, Jaipur National University, Jaipur, India

    Kamal Kishore Chaudhary

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Romeh, A.A.A. (2022). Integrated Application of Green Nanotechnology, Bioremediation, and Solubility Enhancing Chemicals for Improving Phytoremediation Efficiency: A Case Study in Egypt. In: Siddiqui, S., Meghvansi, M.K., Chaudhary, K.K. (eds) Pesticides Bioremediation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97000-0_17

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