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Chapter 3 Mesophyll Conductance to CO2 Diffusion in a Climate Change Scenario: Effects of Elevated CO2, Temperature and Water Stress

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Photosynthesis, Respiration, and Climate Change

Part of the book series: Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration ((AIPH,volume 48))

Abstract

Mesophyll conductance to CO2 (gm) is a key component of leaf photosynthesis: it describes the inverse of the resistance of the CO2 diffusion from the substomatal cavity to the chloroplast, and thus it is highly determined by anatomical and biochemical features along that path. Over the years, gm has been acknowledged to be a key factor in limiting photosynthesis across plant groups, explaining part of the interspecific variation of photosynthetic capacity. However, gm has been scarcely considered in photosynthesis studies under a climate change scenario, especially regarding its response to [CO2] and temperature acclimation. Nonetheless, increasing evidence highlights the importance of gm in determining photosynthesis response to those factors, and of considering gm for further modelling of plant performance under future climate conditions. This chapter focuses on both short- and long-term responses of gm – and its effect on net CO2 assimilation – to [CO2] and temperature , among other climate change-related factors (water stress, ozone and nutrient availability), with special emphasis on the mechanistic basis that drive the gm response. Despite few studies reporting data on them, cell wall thickness, chloroplast distribution and aquaporins appear to be the key underlying factors of gm response to environmental changes. Nonetheless, gm response seems to be a species-specific feature, highlighting current uncertainties in the prediction of photosynthetic responses under future climate scenarios and the need to account for the mechanics and variability of gm in future research.

Abbreviations: An – Net CO2 assimilation rate; Ca – CO2 concentration in the atmosphere; Cc – CO2 concentration at the sites of carboxylation; Ci – CO2 concentration in the inter-cellular air spaces; FACE – Free-Air CO2 Enrichment; gliq – Conductance to CO2 diffusion through the liquid phase (cell wall, cytoplasm and chloroplast stroma); gm – Mesophyll conductance to CO2 diffusion; gmem – Conductance to CO2 diffusion across biological membranes (plasmalemma and chloroplast envelopes); gs – Stomatal conductance to CO2 diffusion; J – Electron transport rate; Jmax – Maximum electron transport rate; LMA – Leaf mass per area; NRH – Non-rectangular hyperbolic; OTC – Open Top Chamber; Sc/S – Ratio of exposed chloroplasts to mesophyll surface areas; Sm/S – Ratio of exposed mesophyll cells to leaf intercellular space; Tcw – Cell wall thickness; TDLAS – Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy Vcmax – Maximum Rubisco carboxylation rate; WTC – Whole-tree chamber

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  1. Research Group in Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears – Instituto de Agroecología y Economía del Agua (INAGEA), Palma, Illes Balears, Spain

    Miquel Nadal, Marc Carriquí & Jaume Flexas

  2. School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia

    Marc Carriquí

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  1. Miquel Nadal
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  1. Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA

    Katie M. Becklin

  2. College of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA

    Joy K. Ward

  3. Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada

    Danielle A. Way

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Nadal, M., Carriquí, M., Flexas, J. (2021). Chapter 3 Mesophyll Conductance to CO2 Diffusion in a Climate Change Scenario: Effects of Elevated CO2, Temperature and Water Stress. In: Becklin, K.M., Ward, J.K., Way, D.A. (eds) Photosynthesis, Respiration, and Climate Change . Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration, vol 48. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64926-5_3

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