Abstract
In this chapter we provide an overview of the patterns of cerebral cortical and subcortical pathological changes that occur in the various dementias. When viewed in this manner, the dementias can be categorized into five major groups based on the topography of their cerebral cortical involvement. These are: (1) the preferential involvement of the temporal lobes and adjacent parietal, occipital, and frontal lobes in Alzheimer’s disease (AD); (2) the predilection for frontal and parietal lobes in progressive subcortical gliosis (PSG); (3) the combined involvement of the cerebral cortex of frontal and temporal lobes in Pick’s disease (PiD) and dementia of the frontal type (DFT); (4) diffuse Lewy body disease (DLBD) and Huntington’s disease (HD) with prominent cortical and subcortical pathology; and (5) a group characterized predominantly by subcortical pathological changes such as corticobasal degeneration (CBD), multisystem atrophy (MSA) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Although not strictly a dementia, schizophrenia (SZP) has been included because of its prominent cerebral cortical pathology and the frequent presence of a residual state resembling dementia. First, an overview of each dementia will be presented, followed by discussion of each of the five groups. Schizophrenia will be discussed separately as a developmental disease of subcortical, limbic, and paralimbic systems.
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Blatt, G.J., Kemper, T.L. (1999). The Anatomy of Dementias. In: Peters, A., Morrison, J.H. (eds) Cerebral Cortex. Cerebral Cortex, vol 14. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4885-0_9
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