Polarized Beam Dynamics and Instrumentation in Particle Accelerators

This Open Access book is drawn from lectures dispensed at the U.S. Particle Accelerator School (USPAS) Summer 2021 Spin Class, by experts in the field. It is an introduction to the dynamics of spin in charged particle accelerators, and to the accelerator components and spin manipulation techniques, including helical snakes and spin rotators, which enable and allow preserving beam polarization. 

It is aimed at graduate students or upper division undergraduate students with an interest in this multi-disciplinary field, which includes the future electron-ion collider at the Brookhaven National Laboratory, high energy lepton and proton collider projects, and other electric dipole moment search storage rings. It is also aimed at physicists or engineers working in accelerator-related fields who wish to familiarize themselves with spin dynamics and polarized beam concepts, tools, components, and purposes.

This is an open access book.

Dr François Méot received his PhD in Particle Accelerator Physics at CERN, from Grenoble National Polytechnic Institute (G-INP) in 1981. He then joined the Theory Group at the Laboratoire National SATURNE, CEA-Saclay, where he started polarized beam studies in SATURNE, its booster MIMAS, and experimental area spectrometers. In 1998 he obtained an "Habilitation à Diriger des Recherches" from G-INP, and in 2004 a "Qualification Nationale au Professorat des Universités". In 2010 Dr. F. Méot joined the Collider-Accelerator Department at the Brookhaven National Laboratory, to contribute in RHIC and later in the EIC polarized beam studies. From 1982 he has held various teaching and assistant professor positions, in mathematics, physics, and accelerator physics, at Stony Brook University at present. Dr. F. Méot has been leading several French and European accelerator R&D programs, he was the director of the European "Joint Universities Accelerator School" in Archamps, Geneva County, over the period 2005-2010. Over the years he has supervised more than 30 students from under-graduate to post-doctorate, including 10 PhDs, he is participating in conference, workshop, and other expert review committees. He is the author of over 180 publications, more than 40 in peer reviewed journals. He was a member of the EPS until 2010 and is now a member of the APS.

Dr. Haixin Huang earned his Ph.D. from Indiana University in 1995 with topic on polarized proton preservation. He became a research associate at Brookhaven Lab in 1995, an assistant physicist in 1997, and physicist in 2001. He is the Head of the Accelerator Physics Group of the Collider-Accelerator Department at Brookhaven Lab. At the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS), Dr. Huang developed and commissioned the solenoidal partial Siberian snake that modifies the spin tune and cures imperfection resonances. This instrument enabled the AGS to achieve 35–40 percent polarization levels at25 GeV and set a world record in 2004. Dr. Huang also led efforts to commission two partial snake systems and the horizontal tune jump system in the AGS to achieve proton polarization up to 70 percent and, again, set a world record in 2012. Dr. Huang’s work in beam polarimetry led to the proton beam polarization monitoring system used in the AGS and RHIC's two storage rings. This system provides information critical for maintaining the proton beam polarization as the protons accelerate through depolarizing resonances. Dr. Huang received the Faraday Cup Award in 2006 for the polarimeter design that led to world-record polarization levels at RHIC. He is the author of over 230 publications, including more than 40 in peer reviewed journals. He is a member of the APS.

Dr. Fanglei Lin graduated from Indiana University receiving a Ph.D. degree in Accelerator Physics in 2007. Since 2005, while being a graduate student, she was deeply involved in experimental studies of the proton beam polarization dynamics at the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) in the Collider Accelerator Department at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). From 2007 to 2011, she played a key role in the design and optimization of deuteron electron dipole moment (dEDM) experiment in the Physics Department. She also worked on lattice development and dynamic aperture optimization of the National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II) project at BNL. In 2011, Dr. Lin joined Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab) as a Staff Scientist. She spent a decade on the development of an Electron Ion Collider at Jefferson Lab. She contributed to multiple aspects of its design including collider rings’ lattice design, beam dynamics optimization, design and optimization of the interaction region, design and verification of polarization dynamics, electron cooling, etc. In 2021, Dr. Lin became a Senior Accelerator Physicist in the Neutron Sciences Directorate atOak Ridge National Laboratory. Dr. Lin’s synergistic activities include serving on conference and workshop organizing committees and the research award committee, reviewing papers and proposals, mentoring Ph.D. graduate students, teaching accelerator schools, etc. She is the author of over 150 publications and presentations. She is a member of the APS.

Dr. Vadim Ptitsyn was educated as Accelerator Physicist in Novosibirsk State University, and then in the Budker Institute for Nuclear Physics (Russia), where he received his PhD for research on designs of Siberian Snakes and spin rotators. From 1997 Dr. V.Ptitsyn has been working in Brookhaven National Laboratory (USA), first, as Accelerator Scientist in a team running heavy ion and polarized proton collider RHIC, and then as Accelerator Scientist and Manager in the Electron-Ion Collider Project.