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Modeling of LF refining process: a review

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Abstract

With the increasing demand for energy conservation and emission reduction, more attentions have been paid to the intelligentization, greenization and low carbonization during the transformation and upgrading of steelmaking plants. Ladle furnace (LF) refining is one of the key procedures in steelmaking process and has been widely used in steelmaking plants for its high equipment matching degree, low equipment investment and outstanding refining performance. According to the main tasks of LF refining process, the modeling methods of temperature prediction model, slag-making model, alloying model, argon blowing model and model of inclusions behavior were systematically reviewed, and the advantages and disadvantages of each modeling method were summarized. In addition, the technical framework for the future has also been proposed based on existing works, including classification of raw materials, graphic representation of knowledge, introduction, upgradation and management of device/equipment, customization of steelmaking, modeling of refining process, synergy of models, intelligentization of decision-making, automation of control, and digitization of processes and operations, aiming to provide a reference for the modeling and intelligent development of LF refining process.

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Acknowledgements

This project is funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 50874014, 51974023, 52374321), the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (Grant No. NCET 07-0067), the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities (Grant No. FRF-BR-17-029A), and the funding of State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, China (Grant Nos. 41620007 and 41621005).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China

    Zi-cheng Xin, Jiang-shan Zhang & Qing Liu

  2. School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China

    Zi-cheng Xin & Kai-xiang Peng

  3. Tangshan Branch, Hebei Iron and Steel Co., Ltd., Tangshan, 063000, Hebei, China

    Jun-guo Zhang

  4. Xinjiang Bayi Iron and Steel Co., Ltd., Baosteel Group, Wulumuqi, 830022, Xinjiang, China

    Chun-hui Zhang

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  1. Zi-cheng Xin
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Jiang-shan Zhang is a youth editorial board member for Journal of Iron and Steel Research International and was not involved in the editorial review or the decision to publish this article. All authors declare that there are no competing interests.

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Xin, Zc., Zhang, Js., Peng, Kx. et al. Modeling of LF refining process: a review. J. Iron Steel Res. Int. 31, 289–317 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42243-023-01100-6

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