Abstract
We had previously reported the impact of Pseudomonas putida GAP-P45 on the morpho-physiological parameters and expression of proline metabolic genes in Arabidopsis thaliana as a response to water-deficit stress as reported by Ghosh et al. (Ann Microbiol 67:655–668, 2017). In this work, we analyzed the impact of P. putida GAP-P45 on proline metabolic enzyme activity, accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the activities of antioxidant enzymes under ambient as well as water-stressed conditions. We observed that inoculation of A. thaliana with P. putida GAP-P45 under water-stressed conditions modulated the proline metabolic enzyme activity similar to the proline metabolic genes as reported earlier by Ghosh et al. (Ann Microbiol 67:655–668, 2017). These results point towards transcriptional regulation of proline metabolism in the particular treatments reported here. In this paper, we also report the impact of P. putida GAP-P45 on the redox status of A. thaliana seedlings under the same experimental conditions. To accomplish this objective, the levels of ROS (superoxide radicals and H2O2) and the activities of enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, glutathione reductase, and ascorbate peroxidase) were assayed. While all the redox molecules (ROS and enzymatic antioxidants) recorded highest levels under water stress, inoculation with P. putida GAP-P45 decreased ROS accumulation and significantly lowered the activities of all antioxidant enzymes in A. thaliana seedlings across most time points of analysis under water deficit conditions. These results positively correlated with the P. putida GAP-P45-associated drought-tolerant phenotype observed in A. thaliana seedlings under water-stressed conditions as reported by Ghosh et al. (Ann Microbiol 67:655–668, 2017).
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank Dr. Minakshi Grover, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India, for help in procuring the rhizobacterial strain used in this study and Dr. Vincent Vadez and Dr. Jana Kholova, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India, for help with water potential measurements.
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This work was funded by BITS-Pilani Seed Grant Scheme and Science and Engineering Research Board, Govt. of India.
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Ghosh, D., Sen, S. & Mohapatra, S. Drought-mitigating Pseudomonas putida GAP-P45 modulates proline turnover and oxidative status in Arabidopsis thaliana under water stress. Ann Microbiol 68, 579–594 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13213-018-1366-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13213-018-1366-7